Life histories of North American wood warblers, Part 1 (of 2)Bent, Arthur Cleveland
Science
Life histories of North American wood warblers, Part 1 (of 2)
Bent, Arthur Cleveland
Birds -- North America; Passeriformes; Wood warblers
Angus M. Woodbury has sent me a copy of the manuscript for "The Birds of
Utah," by Woodbury, Cottam, and Sugden, from which I infer that the
haunts, nesting, and other habits of the "western yellow warbler," as
they call it, do not differ materially from those of the well-known
eastern bird. They say of its status in Utah: "This yellow warbler is a
common summer resident from early May to late August, the vanguard
sometimes reaching here in late April and stragglers sometimes lingering
into September, the latest record being September 23. It is primarily a
bird of the riparian growths along water edges, either of streams, ponds
or lakes or irrigated areas, particularly of the valleys and lower
canyons, but occurs higher in the canyons in suitable habitat up to at
least 8,000 or 9,000 feet. It does not seem to be attracted to large
trees such as cottonwoods, but seems to prefer the more leafy shrubbery
and small trees of developmental stages in ecological succession. In
migration, it sometimes leaves this niche and may occasionally be found
elsewhere. * * *
"In nesting, it is usually found in a bush, chaparral or small tree
stratum, seldom going to the ground or to the tops of trees. Its nests
are compactly woven cups generally placed from 3 to 10 feet above
ground, sometimes 15 feet, in rosebushes, willows, choke cherries,
hawk-berries, oaks, young cottonwood or boxelder trees, usually within a
short distance of the water's edge. The nest is usually composed of gray
plant fibers, bark shreds or grasses and is usually lined with some
downy substance such as cottonwood or willow cotton or hair."
DENDROICA PETECHIA BREWSTERI Grinnell
CALIFORNIA YELLOW WARBLER
HABITS
The 1931 A. O. U. Check-List gives the breeding range of this subspecies
as the "Pacific coast strip from western Washington south through Oregon
and California, west of the Great Basin and southeastern deserts to
about lat. 30° in Lower California." It intergrades with _rubiginosa_ on
the north and with _morcomi_ to the eastward, but exact boundaries are
difficult to define. It seems to range well up into the mountains, for
James B. Dixon tells me that he has found it nesting in Mono County,
Calif., at altitudes of 6,500 to 9,200 feet.
Dr. Joseph Grinnell (1903) in an interesting study of western yellow
warblers, bestowed the above name on the California bird, for which he
gives the following subspecific characters: "Resembling _Dendroica
aestiva aestiva_, from which it differs in smaller size, paler (or less
brightly yellow) coloration, and, in the male, narrower streaking on
under surface; differs from _Dendroica aestiva rubiginosa_ in much
smaller size and yellower coloration, and from _Dendroica aestiva
sonorana_ in smaller size and much darker coloration."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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