Life histories of North American wood warblers, Part 1 (of 2)Bent, Arthur Cleveland
Science
Life histories of North American wood warblers, Part 1 (of 2)
Bent, Arthur Cleveland
Birds -- North America; Passeriformes; Wood warblers
This is the palest of all the yellow warblers, one of the many pale
races of the southwestern desert regions. Its breeding range extends
from southeastern California, southern Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico to
central western Texas, Sonora, and Chihuahua; and it winters from Mexico
southward to Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica.
It is best described by Ridgway (1902) as "similar to _D. æ. æstiva_,
but much paler; adult male lighter and much more yellowish olive-green
above, the back frequently (usually?) streaked with chestnut, pileum
usually wholly clear yellow, lower rump and upper tail-coverts yellow,
faintly streaked with olive-greenish; wing edgings all yellow; under
parts lighter yellow than in _D. æ. æstiva_, and with chest and sides
much more narrowly (often faintly) streaked with chestnut; adult female
conspicuously paler than in _D. æ. aestiva_, the upper parts often
largely pale grayish, the under parts usually very pale buffy yellow."
Woodbury, Cottam, and Sugden (MS.) say of its status in southern Utah:
"This race of yellow warbler is a breeder of the streamside fringes of
willows, tamarix, and brush of various kinds along the San Juan and
lower Colorado Rivers. It undoubtedly extends up the Colorado above the
mouth of the San Juan, but how far it extends before yielding to
_morcomi_ has not been determined. Data available are not sufficient to
determine its nesting or migration dates or the length of its stay in
Utah."
Swarth (1914) calls it "a common summer visitant in southern and western
Arizona, apparently confined almost entirely to the Lower Sonoran river
valleys, the Colorado and the Gila, with their tributaries. * * * I know
of no breeding record of a yellow warbler from any point in Arizona
north of the Mogollon Divide." Mrs. Bailey (1928) says that "the lower
Rio Grande in New Mexico apparently marks the most northern extension of
the range of the Sonora Yellow Warbler. It is a common breeder at
Mesilla," which is in the southwestern part of the State.
We found the Sonora yellow warbler breeding commonly in the San Pedro
Valley, near Fairbank, Ariz., and found several nests in a row of
willows along an irrigation ditch. The nests, from 12 to 15 feet above
the ground in slender trees, were not very different from those of the
eastern bird, being made mainly of willow cotton interwoven with fine
strips of inner bark, fine grasses, and plant fibers.
The eggs do not differ greatly from those of the species elsewhere,
though what few I have seen are more faintly and finely speckled. The
measurements of 40 eggs average 16.9 by 12.8 millimeters; the eggs
showing the four extremes measure =18.4= by 13.1, 17.0 by =13.6=, =14.9=
by 12.5, and 17.8 by =11.4= millimeters (Harris).
DENDROICA PETECHIA GUNDLACHI Baird
CUBAN YELLOW WARBLER
HABITS
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