Life histories of North American wood warblers, Part 1 (of 2)Bent, Arthur Cleveland
Science
Life histories of North American wood warblers, Part 1 (of 2)
Bent, Arthur Cleveland
Birds -- North America; Passeriformes; Wood warblers
_Eggs._--Audubon's warbler lays from 3 to 5 eggs, almost always 4. They
are ovate, tending toward short ovate, and are slightly glossy. They are
grayish or creamy white, spotted and blotched with "raw umber,"
"Brussels brown," "argus brown," and sometimes "auburn," with underlying
spots of "pale brownish drab," "light brownish drab," or "light mouse
gray." The markings are often confined to the large end, and frequently
the drab undertones are in the majority, sometimes running together to
form a cap, and this is relieved with a few superimposed spots or
blotches of dark "argus brown," or scattered small scrawls so dark as to
appear almost black. The eggs generally are sparsely but rather boldly
marked. The measurements of 50 eggs average 17.6 by 13.5 millimeters;
the eggs showing the four extremes measure =19.4= by 14.0, 19.1 by
=14.5=, and =15.4= by _12.3_ millimeters (Harris).
_Young._--The period of incubation is probably between 12 and 13 days,
as with the Myrtle warbler. Mrs. Wheelock (1904) writes:
In the brood whose incubation was closely watched, I found that twelve
days elapsed between the laying of the last egg and the advent of the
young. The female did most of the brooding; the male was found on the
nest only once, but was usually perched on a neighboring tree warbling
his enthusiastic little song, "cheree-cheree-cheree-cheree." After the
young were feathered enough to leave the nest, which occurred when they
were two weeks old, the male forgot to sing and became a veritable
family drudge with the brood ever at his heels clamoring for food. * * *
The pair whose young had hatched so early were very friendly, feeding
them without much fear while I sat within three or four feet of the nest
and on a level with it. They usually came with nothing to be seen in
their beaks, but the insect food they had gleaned and carried in their
own throats was regurgitated into the throats of the young. When the
latter were five days old the mother bird, for the first time, brought
an insect large enough to be seen, and crammed it into the open bill of
one of the nestlings, and from that time on most of the food brought was
eaten by the young while fresh.
The general opinion seems to be that two broods are often, perhaps
usually, raised in a season. The young birds are the first to leave
their mountain resorts, probably driven out by their parents, and are
the first to appear in the lowlands.
_Plumages._--The plumages and molts of Audubon's warbler are similar in
sequence to those of the myrtle warbler; in juvenal and first fall
plumages the two species are almost indistinguishable, though there is
always more white in the tail feathers of the western bird, in which the
white spot usually reaches the fourth feather even in young birds. In
any plumage the white areas in the tail of Audubon's warbler occupy two
more feathers on each side of the tail than in the myrtle warbler.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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