Life histories of North American wood warblers, Part 1 (of 2)Bent, Arthur Cleveland
Science
Life histories of North American wood warblers, Part 1 (of 2)
Bent, Arthur Cleveland
Birds -- North America; Passeriformes; Wood warblers
_Eggs._--Either 3, 4, or 5 eggs are the numbers in the few recorded
sets. The 5 eggs in the Thayer collection are ovate and have only a
slight gloss. The white ground color is speckled and spotted with tones
of "bay," "auburn," "chestnut brown," "Mars brown," or "russet," with
undertones of "pale brownish drab," or "vinaceous drab." Some of the
eggs have markings of two or three shades of the darker browns, such as
"bay," or "auburn," while others have tones of a single lighter brown,
such as "russet," interspersed with the drab spots. There is not a well
defined wreath on any of these eggs, although the spots are denser at
the large end. The measurements of 40 eggs average 17.4 by 12.9
millimeters; the eggs showing the four extremes measure =19.0= by 12.7,
17.3 by =13.6=, =15.2= by 12.7, and 17.4 by =12.3= millimeters (Harris).
_Plumages._--Maj. Allan Brooks (1934) gives the following good
description of the juvenal plumage of Townsend's warbler: "Upper surface
brownish olive, greener on dorsum and grayer on crown; lores and
auriculars dusky brown, a broad supercilium and malar stripe whitish,
faintly tinged with yellow; chin and throat dusky olive gray passing
into white on the ventral region and crissum, the flanks and breast
streaked with dusky; wings with two white bars formed by the tips of the
greater and lesser coverts, tertials edged with ash gray, the black
central shafts of the white bars seen in the second (first winter)
plumage are barely indicated; tail as in second plumage."
Evidently the juvenal plumage is worn for only a very short time, for in
the bird thus described, collected on July 7, "a few yellow feathers of
the second plumage are appearing." Apparently, the postjuvenal molt is
completed in July and August, and involves the contour plumage and the
wing coverts only.
The young male in first winter plumage is similar to the old male at
that season, but with less black on the head and throat, cheeks more
olive, black streaks on back and sides obsolete, and yellow of the
throat paler. The young female differs from the adult female in a
similar way. There is evidently a partial prenuptial molt in late winter
or early spring, but I have not been able to trace it. Apparently the
black throat is acquired by the young male at this molt, and perhaps
enough of the head and body plumage to make the young bird appear nearly
adult, though the worn and faded juvenal wings and tail will distinguish
it.
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