Life histories of North American wood warblers, Part 1 (of 2)Bent, Arthur Cleveland
Science
Life histories of North American wood warblers, Part 1 (of 2)
Bent, Arthur Cleveland
Birds -- North America; Passeriformes; Wood warblers
Subsequent molts consist of a complete postnuptial in July and a partial
prenuptial molt in late winter and early spring as in the young bird.
_Food._--Bowdish and Philipp (1916) sent four stomachs of birds
collected in June to the U. S. Biological Survey for analysis. One of
these was empty. Of the other three, one contained 8 small caterpillars
(Tortricidae), 35 percent; dipterous fragments, 23 percent; a small
spider, 2 percent; and scalelike fragments (perhaps of some catkin), 40
percent. Another held a camponotid ant, 16 percent; at least 78 small
caterpillars (Tortricidae), 75 percent; a snail (_Vitrea hammoides_), 4
percent; and unidentified vegetable fragments, 5 percent. The other
contained 3 lampyrids (near _Podabrus_), 8 percent; a small coleopterous
(?) larva, 3 percent; about 15 small caterpillars (as above), 25
percent; a neuropterous insect (apparently a caddis fly), 50 percent; 2
small spiders, 14 percent; and a trace of unidentified vegetable matter.
Several observers have complained that Tennessee warblers do
considerable damage to grapes, and this is undoubtedly true. W. L.
McAtee (1904), while investigating the damage done by this and the Cape
May warbler, found that--
in the arbor under observation, which was a small one, scarcely a grape
and not a cluster was missed. The damage, however, was inconsiderable as
the birds did not commence to use their appropriated share of the crop
until the owner had taken all he desired. * * * Both species were
constantly busy catching insects on the vines, and on a walnut and some
appletrees near by. Frequently, however, they dashed into the vines and
thrust their bills quickly into a grape. Sometimes they withdrew them
quickly; again they poked around in the interior of the grape a little,
and always after these attacks, they lifted their heads as in drinking.
This action suggested a reason for piercing the grapes, that I am
satisfied is the true one, that is, the obtaining of liquid refreshment.
A supply of available drinking water for the birds, might help to
protect the grapes. And, as the warblers feed on insects that seriously
damage the grapevines, the good work they do may compensate for the
grapes that they damage. The stomach of one Tennessee warbler examined
by Mr. McAtee contained a _Typhlocyba comes_, an especial pest of the
grape, a destructive jassid or leafhopper, 6 caterpillars which were
doing all in their power to eat up the leaves remaining on the vines, 2
spiders, a bug (_Corizus_), a weevil, and one parasitic hymenopteron
(the only insect that was not harmful).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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