Life histories of North American woodpeckersBent, Arthur Cleveland
Science
Life histories of North American woodpeckers
Bent, Arthur Cleveland
Birds -- North America; Woodpeckers -- North America
Grinnell, Dixon, and Linsdale (1930) mention a nest they found in
the Lassen Peak region that was “four meters up in the trunk of a
dead-topped aspen.” Bendire (1895) mentions a nest found near Camp
Harney, Oreg., that was about 25 feet from the ground in a dead limb
of a pine; this nest seems to be at about the limit as to height above
ground. A set in my collection was taken from a nest 10 feet up in a
dead aspen.
_Eggs._--The white-headed woodpecker lays three to seven eggs, four
being the commonest number, and five rather often. These vary in shape
from ovate to short-ovate. They are pure white and moderately or quite
glossy. Grinnell and Storer (1924) say: “The eggs in one set had a
wrinkled appearance at the smaller end as though that end had been
compressed before the shells had hardened. Eggs which are advanced in
incubation are apt to be soiled by pitch; this is doubtless brought
in by the parent birds on their bills, feet, or plumage.” Sometimes
the eggs show tiny black dots, or are profusely smeared with black
from the same cause. The measurements of 50 eggs average 24.26 by
18.11 millimeters; the eggs showing the four extremes measure =26.40=
by 18.29, 25.40 by =19.50=, =21.84= by 17.78, and 22.86 by =16.76=
millimeters.
_Young._--Incubation is said to last for 14 days and to be shared by
both sexes. Both parents also assist in the care and feeding of the
young. Clarence F. Smith tells me that “the female at one nest made
trips about twice as frequently as the male; her visits were about two
minutes apart, while the visits of the male were about five minutes.”
Grinnell, Dixon, and Linsdale (1930) write:
On July 1, the young woodpeckers, by this time half-grown,
were being fed by the parents, mostly by the female. Food
was brought at intervals averaging fifteen minutes each.
The birds foraged at distances up to a quarter of a mile
away from the nest. The female carried away the feces.
On July 11 the female seemed to be coaxing the young from
this nest. When the young woodpeckers stuck their heads out
of the cavity, the parent would move away from the entrance
and call, although it remained on the tree trunk. When
a person shook the stub two of the young birds flew out
and went thirty meters before coming to the ground. When
placed on a tree trunk the birds could move freely upward
or downward. Within a few minutes one of the young birds
could fly so well that it successfully evaded capture by
the observer.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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