Life histories of North American woodpeckersBent, Arthur Cleveland
Science
Life histories of North American woodpeckers
Bent, Arthur Cleveland
Birds -- North America; Woodpeckers -- North America
CONTRIBUTED BY WINSOR MARRETT TYLER
_Spring._--It is spring in the Transition Zone when in April the
yellow-bellied sapsucker passes through on the way from its winter
quarters to its breeding ground in the Canadian Zone. If spring
is tardy most of the trees may be leafless, but many of them have
blossomed, and the sap is running.
At this season the sapsucker is light-hearted and jaunty compared to
the sober, quiet bird that visited us the autumn before. The breeding
season is near at hand, and if two birds meet they often engage in a
sort of game, a precursory courtship, wherein one bird flies at the
other in a playful attack; the other eludes the rush of the oncoming
bird by a sudden, last-minute retreat--winding around the branch on
which it rests, or sliding off into the air. In these pursuits in and
out among the branches we are impressed by the agility and grace of
the birds and by the easy way they direct their course through the
air. They do not appear to impel themselves by strength of wing alone,
but, especially in their slanting descents, they let the force of
gravity pull them swiftly along, and then, by the impetus of the speed
attained, glide upward to a perch. They seem to swing from branch to
branch with little effort, slowly opening and closing their wings to
guide them on their way. As we watch them we are reminded of trapeze
artists in the circus.
But the new sap is running, and the birds quickly tap the supply by
drilling into the bark of their favorite trees and drink of the sap as
it flows freely from the wounds.
Every spring the birds come to a sturdy yellow birch tree on the Boston
Public Garden, a species of tree with which they must be familiar on
their breeding grounds in the north. The sap flows plenteously in
mid-April from the many punctures that the birds make; it wets a large
portion of the trunk of the tree and often drips to the ground from the
branches. The birds stand clear of the tree as they feed at the sap
wells with only the feet and the tip of the tail touching the bark.
The tail is braced against the trunk at an angle of about 45°, and the
feet reach far forward to grasp the bark opposite the bend of the wing.
I have never seen a sapsucker crouch against this wet bark as a downy
woodpecker commonly does when digging out a grub--like a cat hunched up
lapping a saucer of milk. When a bird wishes to move to a point below
where it is perched, it jumps from the tree and floats in the air,
then turning, with its wings held out somewhat, dives head-downward,
drifting in an easy, leisurely manner as if moving under water; then,
just before alighting, it rights itself. If you come too near, the
sapsucker scrambles around to the rear of the limb, and if you step
close up to the tree, the bird starts away in free, sweeping curves,
like a skater over the ice, the white in the wing flashing out.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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