Life histories of North American woodpeckersBent, Arthur Cleveland
Science
Life histories of North American woodpeckers
Bent, Arthur Cleveland
Birds -- North America; Woodpeckers -- North America
Certainly the red-breasted sapsucker and the yellow-bellied sapsucker
are as much unlike in appearance as the two flickers; and the hybrid
flickers certainly show “every degree” of intergradation. In the large
series of sapsuckers that I have examined, containing 87 typical
_ruber_ and 86 typical _nuchalis_, I was able to find only 8 specimens
that could, by any stretch of the imagination, be considered as
intermediates; I believe that these intergrading sapsuckers will prove
to be relatively less common than are the hybrids between the two
flickers.
It is interesting, too, to note that the first three editions of the
A. O. U. Check-List, 1886, 1895, and 1910, all gave the red-breasted
sapsucker full specific rank, in spite of the fact that Ridgway had
called it a subspecies of the yellow-bellied in 1872, and Grinnell
had done the same in 1901. But the fourth edition, 1931, adopts the
subspecies theory, in spite of Ridgway’s latest decision.
The southern race of the red-breasted sapsucker breeds in the Canadian
and Transition Zones in the mountains of California, from the Trinity
and Warner Mountains southward to the San Jacinto Mountains. Grinnell
and Storer (1924) say that it “is found in the main forest belt during
the spring, summer, and fall, but regularly performs an altitudinal
migration which carries it down into the tree growths of the western
foothills and valleys for the winter months.”
_Nesting._--Very little seems to have been published on the nesting
habits of this sapsucker, which probably do not differ materially from
those of its northern relative, about which more seems to be known.
Wright M. Pierce (1916) located one of its nests in the San Bernardino
Mountains, on June 26, of which he says: “The cavity was in the dead
top of a large live silver fir about forty-five feet up. The cavity
had a small opening and was only 5 or 6 inches deep; diameter, inside,
1½ or 2 inches. The nest held two large young and one smaller dead
one. It was hard to see how more than one bird could survive in such a
small space, so it was not surprising that the probably weaker bird had
apparently been suffocated.”
_Eggs._--The red-breasted sapsucker lays usually four or five eggs,
sometimes as many as six. Like all woodpeckers’ eggs, they are pure
white, usually with very little or no gloss, and they vary from ovate
to rounded-ovate. The measurements of 13 eggs average 23.79 by 17.25
millimeters; the eggs showing the four extremes measure =24.6= by 17.0,
23.81 by =17.86=, =22.5= by 17.5, and 24.5 by =16.6= millimeters.
_Young._--Incubation is said to last about 14 days; this duty and the
care of the young is shared by both parents. Mrs. Irene G. Wheelock
(1904) says of a nest that she watched: “Incubation began May 30, and
lasted fifteen days. The young were fed by regurgitation for the first
two weeks. * * *
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