Life histories of North American woodpeckersBent, Arthur Cleveland
Science
Life histories of North American woodpeckers
Bent, Arthur Cleveland
Birds -- North America; Woodpeckers -- North America
Harry S. Swarth (1924) also found some lofty nests in the Skeena River
region of northern British Columbia; he writes: “During May and June
a number of nests were found, mostly through seeing the old birds
carrying food to the young. One was drilled in a live poplar, the tree
a straight column with no branching limb save at the very top, the nest
some seventy feet from the ground. Another was in a dead birch, sixty
feet up. Many others were noted, all in birch or poplar, mostly dead
trees, and no nest was less than fifty feet above the ground. One male
bird collected had the abdomen bare of feathers. It obviously had been
incubating eggs.”
_Eggs._--The red-breasted sapsucker lays four to seven eggs, usually
five or six. Bendire (1895) describes them, as follows: “The eggs,
when fresh and before blowing, like those of all Woodpeckers, show the
yolk through the translucent shell, giving them a beautiful pinkish
appearance, as well as a series of straight lines or streaks, of a
more pronounced white than the rest of the shell, running toward and
converging at the smaller axis of the egg. After blowing, the pink
tint will be found to have disappeared and the egg changed to a pure,
delicate white, the shell showing a moderate amount of luster. There is
considerable variation in their shape, running as they do through all
the different ovates to an elongated ovate.”
The measurements of 54 eggs average 23.61 by 17.51 millimeters; the
eggs showing the four extremes measure =25.40= by 17.78, 24.13 by
=18.54=, =21.84= by 17.27, and 23.11 by =16.26= millimeters.
_Food._--Mr. Neff (1928) lists 67 species of fruit, forest, and
ornamental trees and shrubs that are known to have been tapped by
the red-breasted sapsucker, showing that this species is not at all
particular as to what kind of sap it drinks. A total of 64 stomachs
were examined, representing every month in the year. “The stomach
analyses revealed 40.7 percent of vegetable food, and 52.53 percent
insect food.” Ants formed the bulk of the insect food, running as
high as 80 percent in July; other items were boring beetles and their
larvae, other beetles, weevils, caddiceflies, aphids, various flies,
mites, and spiders. Fruit averaged less than 4 percent of the food and
included elderberries, wild cherries, haw and dogwood berries. “No
cultivated fruits were taken and seeds were almost a minus quantity.
True cambium or soft inner bark averaged 31.35 percent; most of
this was taken between October and April. Other bark, fibre, and
miscellaneous vegetable matter averaged 5.14 percent.”
Bendire (1895) says: “Their food consists principally of grubs, larvæ
of insects, ants, various species of lepidoptera, which they catch
on the wing, like Flycatchers, and berries. * * * They seem to be
especially fond of wild strawberries.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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