Life History and Ecology of the Five-Lined Skink, Eumeces fasciatusFitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon)
Science
Life History and Ecology of the Five-Lined Skink, Eumeces fasciatus
Fitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon)
Eumeces fasciatus
My own observations do not support the idea that brooding by the female
serves to hasten the development of the eggs. Both in the laboratory and
in natural nests, clutches deserted by disturbed females hatched and the
hatching was not unduly delayed. In the field, females were never
observed to bask in the sun beside their nest burrows, and seemingly
left them infrequently even to feed. When a female was caught in her
nest burrow, her temperature nearly always approximated that of the
surrounding earth with which she was in contact. The temperature in each
nest depends primarily upon its situation. When the immediate vicinity
of the nest receives direct sunlight, the eggs are warmed without the
aid of the female, but when there is no sunlight the temperature is much
lower. In order to maintain an appreciably higher nest temperature the
female would have to make frequent trips to spots perhaps several feet
or several yards away to find sunlight. Upon returning to the nest, her
body heat would be quickly dissipated into the eggs and the surrounding
damp soil. She would need to shuttle back and forth almost continually
between the nest and a spot exposed to sunshine. Cloudy weather often
preventing the warming of the eggs by absorption of solar heat prevails
during much of the incubation season, in the region of the present
study, and probably to an even greater extent throughout the range as a
whole.
Noble and Mason state (_op. cit._:9) that while in some non-brooding
kinds of lizards the eggs are actually damaged by turning, the female
_fasciatus_ frequently turns her eggs and moves the whole clutch about
in the nest cavity. On returning to their nests the experimental females
each invariably touched one or more eggs with their tongues as an
olfactory test. Eggs of other kinds of lizards not of the genus
_Eumeces_, and shellacked eggs of _fasciatus_, or paraffin models of
them, ordinarily were discarded immediately after a single touch of the
tongue. Eggs of other individuals of the species, and even the eggs of
_Eumeces laticeps_ were accepted as part of the brood. Any of the
experimental females would quickly retrieve one of her eggs moved a
short distance outside the nest cavity. Even if the whole clutch of eggs
were scattered about, the female would, over a period of hours, gather
the eggs and return them to the nest cavity. This movement of the eggs
is accomplished by rolling or pushing them in a loop of the body or
tail, or, less frequently, by grasping an egg in the jaws, lifting it,
and gently placing it in a new position. Even if the females were
blindfolded, they were still able to retrieve scattered eggs, but one in
which the tongue tip was experimentally removed showed no further
interest in its eggs, presumably having lost the capacity to recognize
them by olfactory test.
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