Life History and Ecology of the Five-Lined Skink, Eumeces fasciatusFitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon)
Science
Life History and Ecology of the Five-Lined Skink, Eumeces fasciatus
Fitch, Henry S. (Henry Sheldon)
Eumeces fasciatus
Cagle (1940:229 and 232) has graphically described and illustrated the
hatching of the five-lined skink, and numerous observations in the
present study have served to corroborate his description. The first
indication that the time of hatching is at hand is a twitching or
jerking movement within the egg which continues until the shell is slit.
According to Noble and Mason (1933:5) the shell is slit with the
elongate premaxillary egg tooth which has its distal third bent forward
nearly at right angles to its base. Some young remain for an hour or
more with only the snout visible, however, once the head is extruded it
is not again withdrawn unless the lizard is badly startled. The eyes are
opened and blinked slowly, closed for a few minutes, and opened again.
After the eyes have become adjusted, the fore-body emerges and the front
legs are freed. In one clutch, observed by Cagle, hatching time for
individual eggs varied from 45 minutes to five and three-fourths hours.
If startled by visual or tactile stimuli, the little skink may lunge
forward through the slit shell, with a sudden straightening of its body,
and rush away for several inches. Its movements are slow, stiff and
clumsy as compared with those of a skink that is a few days old and
fully active. Hatching of a clutch ordinarily extends over 24 hours or
more. Some of the young may be fully hatched and active before others
from the same clutch have slit their eggshells.
Eggs ready to hatch ordinarily weigh somewhat more than one gram, up to
at least as much as 1.7 grams, but much of this weight is made up of
water absorbed during incubation. The hatchlings usually weigh from .2
to .45 grams. For each of two eggshells recently vacated, that were
washed and squeezed dry, weights were approximately .125 grams.
Hatchlings of the same brood differ perceptibly in size with several per
cent variation in total length, and weight. Some seem to be less fully
developed than others. On July 8, 1952, hatching of the last young in a
clutch was observed. Upon emergence, it differed in appearance from the
others of the brood hatched a few hours earlier. The top of its head
bulged slightly as in fetuses. The umbilicus was not yet closed, and the
protruding yolk mass hindered the hatchling's movements and made
crawling difficult. In order to progress it had to stand high off the
ground to prevent its ventral surface from dragging. Protrusion of the
yolk mass has been described in newly emerged hatchlings for the closely
related _E. anthracinus_ (Clausen, 1938:3-7) as well as in _fasciatus_.
Cagle (_loc. cit._) states that the mass of yolk is at first about 3 mm.
in diameter, but is completely used at the end of the third day. A group
of young retained by him, without food, died the sixth day after
hatching, seemingly from starvation. Three of five recently hatched
young were found by Cagle to have eaten ant pupae placed in a box with
them on the preceding day, even though the skinks still retained the
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