The Coast Line--The Rivers--The Bays--Gaya Bay--Abai--Character of Interior Country--Plains--Hills--Kina Balu--First Ascent by Mr. Low--Description of Summit--The Peaks--The Northern Ranges--Steep Granite Slopes--The Spurs--The Main Spur--Interior Country--Distant Mountains--Plain--Villages--The Lake--Vegetation on Kina Balu--The Rivers--The Ananam--The Kabatuan--The Mengkabong--The Tawaran--The Abai--The Tampasuk--Its Interior--Political Geography--Inhabitants--The Lanuns--The Bajus--Mahomedans--Appearance--Their Women--Their Houses--Love of Cockfighting--Fine Breed of Fowls--Other Inhabitants--The Ida’an--Their Houses--Their Women--Tatooing--Comfortable House--Method of Government--No Wars--Aborigines Honest--Exceptions--Agriculture--Ploughing--Remnant of Chinese Civilization--Tobacco--Cotton--Good Soil--Amount of Population--Numerous and Extensive Villages--The Tampasuk--The Tawaran--Mengkabong--Other Districts--Enumeration--Manufactures--Lanun Cloths--Trade--Difficult Travelling--Languages--Geology--Sandstone--Greenstone--Climate of Kina Balu temperate--Map--Addition--Maludu Bay-- Western Point--Western Shore--Mountains--Head of Bay--Population--Accounts compared--Bengkoka--Minerals--Eastern Point--Banguey--Difficult Navigation--Small Rivers and Bays--Paitan--Sugut--Low Coast--Labuk Bay--High Land--Benggaya--Labuk--Sandakan--Story of the Atas Man--Kina Batangan--Cape Unsang--Tungku--Population--The Ida’an--The Mahomedans. The coast line, as viewed from the sea, presents the following appearance: Gaya Island, and the shores of Gaya, and Sapangar Bays are hilly, and this continues to within a mile of the mouth of the Mengkabong; the land then becomes flat, with the exception of the Tambalan hill, as far as the mouth of the Sulaman creek or river. High land then commences, which continues for a short distance beyond the Abai, when it again becomes low, and presents the same appearance for many miles beyond the Tampasuk river, the coast being fringed by Casuarinas. The mouths of the rivers Ananam, Kabatuan, Mengkabong, Tawaran, Sulaman, Abai, and Tampasuk are all shallow, and unfit for European vessels; the deepest having but nine feet at low water, and with the exception of the Ananam, Kabatuan, and Abai, are much exposed during both monsoons, and are rendered dangerous by the numerous sandbanks that lie off their mouths. The Ananam in Gaya Bay, and the Kabatuan in Sapangar Bay, are only suited for native craft. The Abai has more water, and, its mouth being sheltered, small vessels, at certain times of tide, might enter; within, the river deepens to four fathoms, and the surrounding hills render it a perfectly land-locked harbour.