Life Movements in Plants, Volume IBose, Jagadis Chandra
Science
Life Movements in Plants, Volume I
Bose, Jagadis Chandra
Growth (Plants); Plants -- Irritability and movements
_Experiment 57._--A scale 3 metres long divided into cm. is placed
against the screen. A metronome beating half seconds is started at
the moment when the spot of light transits across the zero division;
the number of beats is counted till the index traverses the 300 cm.
At the normal temperature of the room (30°C.), the index traversed
300 cm. in five seconds. The plant chamber was next cooled to 26°C. by
the blowing in of cooled water vapour; the time taken by the spot of
light to traverse the scale was now 20 seconds, _i.e._, the growth-rate
was depressed to a fourth. Under continuous lowering of temperature
the growth-rate became slowed down till at 21°C. there was an arrest
of growth. Warm vapour was next introduced, gradually raising the
temperature of the chamber to 35°C. The spot of light now rushed across
the scale in a second and a half, _i.e._, the growth was enhanced to
more than three times the normal rate. The entire series of the above
experiments, on the effect of temperature on growth, was thus completed
in the course of 15 minutes.
SUMMARY.
A description is given of the High Magnification Crescograph, which
enables an automatic record of growth magnified ten thousand times. The
absolute rate of growth can be easily determined from the data given in
the record.
A magnification of a million times is obtained by the employment of
Magnetic amplification. An increment of growth so minute as a millionth
part of a mm. or 0.00000004 inch may thus be detected. It is also
possible to detect the growth of a plant for a period shorter than a
hundredth part of a second.
The influence of external conditions on variation of rate of growth is
obtained by two methods of record. In STATIONARY METHOD, the increase
or diminution of the distance between successive dots representing
magnified rate of growth, demonstrates the stimulating or depressing
nature of the changed condition.
In the second, or MOVING PLATE METHOD, a curve is obtained, the
ordinate representing growth elongation, and the abscissa, time. A
stimulating agent causes an upward flexure of the normal curve; a
depressing agent, on the other hand, lessens the slope of the curve.
The action of external stimulus induces a variation of the rate of
growth, the time relations of which are found from the automatic record
of the growth. The latent period is shortened with the intensity of the
stimulus. A responsive variation of growth is induced by an intensity
of stimulus which is below human perception.
It is often possible to obtain record of the pulsatory nature of
growth-elongation. Thus, with the growing peduncle of _Zephyranthes_,
the growth pulse commences with a sudden elongation, the maximum rate
being 0.0004 mm. per second. The pulse exhausts itself in 15 seconds,
after which there is a partial recovery in course of 13 seconds, the
period of complete pulse being 28 seconds. The resultant growth in each
pulse is the difference between elongation and recovery.
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