Life Movements in Plants, Volume IIBose, Jagadis Chandra
Science
Life Movements in Plants, Volume II
Bose, Jagadis Chandra
Growth (Plants); Plants -- Irritability and movements
If we neglect the preliminary negative portion under sub-minimal
stimulus, the curve of excitation under increasing photic stimulation
obeys what is known as Weber's law. This is equally true of modes of
stimulation other than that of light as is seen in figure 130 of the
contractile effect of continued electric stimulus on growth; the
excitatory effect is also seen to reach a limit.
Weber's law is applicable for a limited range of stimulation. For the
quantitative relation fails in the region of sub-minimal stimulus, where
the physiological reaction is _qualitatively_ different, namely
expansion instead of contraction. This holds good even in the case of
animal tissues, for here also my recent experiments show that two
opposite reactions--expansion and contraction--take place under
stimulus, and that a very feeble stimulus tends to induce expansion
instead of contraction. The responsive reaction of a kitten under gentle
caressing strokes must be _qualitatively_ different from that of a blow.
The psychological effects under the two treatments evidently differ
qualitatively rather than quantitatively.[19]
[19] "It has been argued by James that the feeling does not cause,
but is caused by the bodily expression.... Münsterberg
concludes that the feeling of agreeableness is the mental
accompaniment and outcome of reflexly produced movements of
extension, and disagreeableness of the movement of flexion."
Schäfer--Text Book of Physiology, Vol. II, p. 975 (1900).
SUMMARY.
The excitation curve exhibits a slow ascent in the first part; in the
second part the gradient is steep, indicating rapid rise in excitation;
in the third part it is uniform; and in the last part the curve rounds
off and the rate of ascent becomes very small.
The susceptibility for excitation is feeble at the beginning; it
increases very rapidly with increasing stimulus; finally it undergoes a
fall, increase of stimulus inducing no further enhancement of
excitation.
In a complete phototropic curve the first part is negative; this is due
to the physiological expansion induced by sub-minimal stimulus. The
curve then crosses the abscissa upwards, and the positive curvature
reaches a maximum. This is followed by neutralisation and reversal into
negative; the curve crosses the zero line and proceeds in the negative
direction.
Weber's law is not applicable for the entire range of stimulation. The
quantitative relation fails in the region of sub-minimal stimulus, where
the physiological reaction is _qualitatively_ different.
XXXIII.--THE TRANSMITTED EFFECT OF PHOTIC STIMULATION
_By_
SIR J. C. BOSE,
_Assisted by_
JYOTIPRAKASH SIRCAR, M.B.
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