[211] "The Austrian army amounted to from 65,000 to 70,000 fighting men, and 6000 Tyrolese, besides 24,000 men of the garrison of Mantua."--MONTHOLON, tom. iii., p. 404. "After the battle of Arcola, the active French army amounted to 36,380 while 10,230 formed the blockade of Mantua."--JOMINI, tom. ix., p. 262. [212] Montholon, tom. iii., p. 405; Jomini, tom. ix., p. 263. [213] Montholon, tom. iii., p. 406. [214] See _ante_, p. 54. [215] Jomini, tom. ix., p. 268. [216] Montholon, tom. iii., p. 410. [217] It is represented in some military accounts, that the division which appeared in the rear of the French belonged to the army of Provera, and had been detached by him on crossing the Adige, as mentioned below. But Napoleon's Saint Helena manuscripts prove the contrary. Provera only crossed on the 14th January, and it was on the morning of the same day that Napoleon had seen the five divisions of Alvinzi, that of Lusignan which afterwards appeared in the rear of his army being one, lying around Joubert's position of Rivoli.--S.--See Montholon, tom. iii., p. 415, and Jomini, tom. ix., p. 284. [218] Jomini, tom. ix., pp. 275, 287; Montholon, tom. iii., p. 408. [219] "This day the general-in-chief was several times surrounded by the enemy; he had several horses killed."--MONTHOLON, tom. iii., p. 415. [220] "The Roman legions are reported to have marched twenty-four miles a-day; but our brigades, though fighting at intervals, march thirty."--BUONAPARTE to the Directory. [221] "It was after the battle of Rivoli, that Massena received from Buonaparte and the army the title of 'enfant chéri de la victoire,'" &c.--THIBAUDEAU, tom. ii., p. 195. [222] "At two o'clock in the afternoon, in the midst of the battle of Rivoli."--MONTHOLON, tom. iii., p. 416. [223] Montholon, tom. iii., p. 416. [224] Montholon, tom. iii., p. 417; Jomini, tom. ix., p. 293. [225] "The trophies acquired in the course of January were 25,000 prisoners, twenty-four colours and standards, and sixty pieces of cannon; on the whole, the enemy's loss was at least 35,000 men. Bessières carried the colours to Paris. The prisoners were so numerous that they created some difficulty."--MONTHOLON, tom. iii., p. 419. [226] Montholon, tom. iii., p. 420. [227] Buonaparte to the Directory, 15 Pluviose, 3d February. CHAPTER VIII. _Situation and Views of Buonaparte at this period--His politic Conduct towards the Italians--Popularity--Severe terms of Peace proposed to the Pope--rejected--Napoleon differs from the Directory, and Negotiations are renewed--but again rejected--The Pope raises his army to 40,000 Men--Napoleon invades the Papal Territories--The Papal Troops defeated near Imola--and at Ancona--which is captured--Loretto taken--Clemency of Buonaparte to the French recusant Clergy--Peace of Tolentino--Napoleon's Letter to the Pope--San Marino--View of the Situation of the different Italian States--Rome--Naples--Tuscany--Venice._