Life's Dawn on Earth: Being the history of the oldest known fossil remains, and their relations to geological time and to the development of the animal kingdomDawson, John William, Sir
History
Life's Dawn on Earth: Being the history of the oldest known fossil remains, and their relations to geological time and to the development of the animal kingdom
Dawson, John William, Sir
Life -- Origin; Paleontology -- Precambrian
These fossils, however, show no very distinct canal system or
supplemental skeleton, but this also appears in those forms which have
been called Caunopora or Cœnostroma. In these the plates are traversed
by tubes, or groups of tubes, which in each successive floor give out
radiating and branching canals exactly like those of Eozoon, though
more regularly arranged; and if we had specimens with the canals
infiltrated with glauconite or serpentine, the resemblance would be
perfect. When, as in figs. 44 and 45 A, these canals are seen on the
abraded surface, they appear as little grooves arranged in stars,
which resemble the radiating plates of corals, but this resemblance
is altogether superficial, and I have no doubt that they are really
foraminiferal organisms. This will appear more distinctly from the
sections in fig. 45 B, C, which represents an undescribed species
recently found by Mr. Weston, in the Upper Silurian limestone of
Ontario.
[Illustration: Fig. 44. _Caunopora planulata, Hall--Devonian; showing
the radiating canals on a weathered surface._ (_After Hall._)]
[Illustration: Fig. 45. _Cœnostroma--Guelph Limestone, Upper Silurian,
from a specimen collected by Mr. Weston, showing the canals._
(_a._) Surface with canals, natural size. (_b._) Vertical section,
natural size. (_c._) The same magnified, showing canals and laminæ.]
There are probably many species of these curious fossils, but their
discrimination is difficult, and their nomenclature confused, so that
it would not be profitable to engage the attention of the reader
with it except in a note. Their state of preservation, however, is
so highly illustrative of that of Eozoon that a word as to this
will not be out of place. They are sometimes preserved merely by
infiltration with calcite or dolomite, and in this case it is most
difficult to make out their minute structures. Often they appear
merely as concentrically laminated masses which, but for their mode
of occurrence, might be regarded as mere concretions. In other cases
the cell-walls and pillars are perfectly silicified, and then they
form beautiful microscopic objects, especially when decalcified with
an acid. In still other cases, they are preserved like Eozoon, the
walls being calcareous and the chambers filled with silica. In this
state when weathered or decalcified they are remarkably like Eozoon,
but I have not met with any having their minute pores and tubes so
well preserved as in some of the Laurentian fossils. In many of them,
however, the growth and overlapping of the successive amœba-like coats
of sarcode can be beautifully seen, exactly as on the surface of a
decalcified piece of Eozoon. Those in my collection which most nearly
resemble the Laurentian specimens are from the older part of the Lower
Silurian series; but unfortunately their minute structures are not well
preserved.
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