Lippincott's Magazine of Popular Literature and Science, Volume 12, No. 33, December, 1873Various
Science
Lippincott's Magazine of Popular Literature and Science, Volume 12, No. 33, December, 1873
Various
Literature, Modern -- 19th century -- Periodicals; Science -- Periodicals
One eminently satisfactory feature of the panic in securities was,
that it did not extend to United States bonds, greenbacks or National
bank-notes. Bonds were of course depressed in sympathy with the
scarcity of money and the demoralization prevailing in the general
stock market, but there was not the slightest loss of confidence in
them among holders, nor any pressure to sell, except to relieve urgent
necessities among the banks and others having need of currency. The
paper money of the country proved itself the most valuable kind of
property that any one could possess; whereas under like circumstances,
in former times, when banks under the State laws could practically
issue as many notes as they chose, much of it would have been left
worthless and the remainder depreciated. But our currency system is
defective in one essential particular: it is not elastic. It is, so
to speak, hide-bound at seven hundred and ten millions of paper,
exclusive of fractional currency, three hundred and fifty-six millions
of which are legal-tender notes, and three hundred and fifty-four
millions National bank-notes. The safety-valve of a country's
circulating medium is its elasticity, and the sooner Congress
authorizes free National banking on the present basis of ninety per
cent. of currency to the par of United States bonds deposited with the
Treasury, or devises some other means of affording relief, the better
for the interests of the nation. The law requiring the banks in the
large cities to keep always on hand a reserve in greenbacks equal to
twenty-five per cent. of their deposits and circulation, and those in
the country a reserve of fifteen per cent., should also be amended,
the percentage being too high by one-half. It is for the interest
of every bank to keep a reserve adequate to its own requirements and
safety, and the existing restriction instead of being an element of
strength is a source of weakness. Then, again, as National
bank-notes are guaranteed by a pledge of United States bonds at the
before-mentioned rate of ninety per cent. of notes to the par of the
former, the banks ought not to be required to redeem their own notes
in greenbacks on demand; and each bank should be allowed to count the
notes of other banks--but not its own nor specie, except on a specie
basis--as a portion of its reserve. To require the banks to redeem
their notes with legal tenders, on presentation, when there are only
two millions more of the latter than of the former in circulation,
is to demand of them what they would find it impossible to do in the
remote but nevertheless possible contingency of the bank currency,
or any large portion of it, being simultaneously presented for
redemption.
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