And as in religion—so in politics, we find the same desire to teach
rather than to learn—the same morbid appetite for exhaustive and original
theories. It is as necessary for a public writer to have a system as it
is for him to have a pen. His course is obvious; he assumes some grand
principle—the principle of Legitimacy, or the principle of Equality, or
the principle of Fraternity—and thence he reasons down without fear or
favour to the details of every-day politics. Events are judged of, not by
their relation to simple causes, but by their bearing on a remote axiom.
Nor are these speculations mere exercises of philosophic ingenuity. Four
months ago, hundreds of able writers were debating with the keenest
ability and the most ample array of generalities, whether the country
should be governed by a Legitimate Monarchy, or an illegitimate; by a
Social, or an old-fashioned Republic; by a two-chambered Constitution,
or a one-chambered Constitution; on ‘Revision,’ or Non-revision; on
the claims of Louis Napoleon, or the divine right of the national
representation. Can any intellectual food be conceived more dangerous
or more stimulating for an over-excitable population? It is the same in
Parliament. The description of the Church of Corinth may stand for a
description of the late Assembly: every one had a psalm, had a doctrine,
had a tongue, had a revelation, had an interpretation. Each member of
the Mountain had his scheme for the regeneration of mankind; each member
of the vaunted majority had his scheme for newly consolidating the
Government; Orleanist hated Legitimist, Legitimist Orleanist; moderate
Republican detested undiluted Republican; scheme was set against scheme,
and theory against theory. No two Conservatives would agree what to
conserve; no Socialist could practically associate with any other. No
deliberative assembly can exist with every member wishing to lead, and no
one wishing to follow. Not the meanest Act of Parliament could be carried
without more compromise than even the best French statesmen were willing
to use on the most important and critical affairs of their country.
Rigorous reasoning would not manage a parish-vestry, much less a great
nation. In England, to carry half your own crotchets, you must be always
and everywhere willing to carry half another man’s. Practical men must
submit as well as rule, concede as well as assume. Popular government has
many forms, a thousand good modes of procedure; but no one of those modes
can be worked, no one of those forms will endure, unless by the continual
application of sensible heads and pliable judgments to the systematic
criticism of stiff axioms, rigid principles, and incarnated propositions.
I am, &c.,
AMICUS.
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