Lives of Boulton and Watt. Principally from the Original Soho Mss.: Comprising also a history of the invention and introduction of the steam engineSmiles, Samuel
History
Lives of Boulton and Watt. Principally from the Original Soho Mss.: Comprising also a history of the invention and introduction of the steam engine
Watt’s enforced confinement, together with his sedentary habits and
unremitting labour, soon told upon his weak frame. When he hurried to
his lodgings at night, his body was wearied, and his nerves exhausted, so
that his hands shook like those of an old man; yet he persevered with the
extra work which he imposed upon himself, in order to earn a little honest
money to help to pay for his living. His seat in Mr. Morgan’s shop being
placed close to the door, which was often opened and shut in the course of
the day, he caught a severe cold in the course of the winter; and he was
afflicted by a racking cough and severe rheumatic pains, from the effects
of which he long continued to suffer. Distressed by a gnawing pain in his
back, and greatly depressed in spirits, he at length, with his father’s
sanction, determined to return to Greenock, to seek for renewal of health
in his native air. His father made him a further remittance to enable
him to purchase some of the tools required for his trade, together with
materials for making others, and a copy of Bion’s work on the construction
and use of Mathematical Instruments. Having secured these, he set out on
his return journey for Scotland, and reached Greenock in safety in the
autumn of 1756. There his health soon became sufficiently restored to
enable him to return to work; and with the concurrence and help of his
father, he shortly after proceeded to Glasgow, in his twentieth year, to
begin business on his own account.
In endeavouring to establish himself in his trade, Watt encountered
the same obstacle which in London had almost prevented his learning it.
Although there were no mathematical instrument makers in Glasgow, and it
must have been a public advantage to have so skilled a mechanic settled in
the place, Watt was opposed by the corporation of hammermen on the ground
that he was neither the son of a burgess nor had served an apprenticeship
within the borough.[65] Failing in his endeavours to open a place of
business, he next tried to prevail on the corporation to allow him to
make use of a small workshop wherein to make experiments; but this also
was peremptorily refused. The hammermen were doubtless acting in a very
narrow spirit, in thus excluding the young mechanic from the privileges
of citizenship; but such was the custom of the times,--those who were
within the favoured circles usually putting their shoulders together to
exclude those who were without. Watt had, however, already been employed
by Dr. Dick, Professor of Natural Philosophy, to repair some mathematical
instruments which had been bequeathed to the University by a gentleman in
the West Indies; and the professors, having an absolute authority within
the area occupied by the college buildings, determined to give him an
asylum there, and thus free him from the incubus of the guilds.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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