{ MALACIA or MOLLUSCA. Of large size, { MALACOSTRACA or CRUSTACEA. { OSTRACODERMA or TESTACEA. Of small size, INSECTS. Characterizing the different groups by circumstances connected with their organization, he arranges quadrupeds into those which have undivided hoofs, as the _horse_; those having cleft hoofs, of which some are ruminant, others not. Of the former, some have permanent concave horns, as _oxen_, _sheep_, _goats_; others have solid deciduous horns, as _deer_. The cloven-footed animals which do not ruminate are the _hog_ family. The rhinoceros, hippopotamus, tapir, and musk, he classes as anomalous. Of the unguiculate animals, some are ruminant, with two claws only, as the _camel_; others are carnivorous, with more numerous claws, as _cats_, _dogs_, _polecats_. Some again are herbivorous, with two long front teeth, as _hares_; and others are toothless, as the _anteater_. Other animals of this kind are furnished with wings, and have a short muzzle, as the _bats_; while some are without wings, as the sloth. _Tortoises_, _lizards_, and _serpents_, bring up the rear. After this work had been published, he completed a Synopsis of Birds and Fishes, which was sent to Dr Robinson to be printed; but the booksellers who had the copyright neglected it, so that it did not appear until after the author's death, when it was enlarged and edited by Derham in 1713. Having finished these synopses, Mr Ray considered his labours at an end,--a consummation which gave him the more joy, because he had for several years suffered severely in his health. But soon after, he was induced to add to an English translation of Rauwolf's Travels "three Catalogues of such trees, shrubs, and herbs, as grow in the Levant." His next publication was the Catologus Stirpium in Exteris Regionibus Observatarum, consisting of species not growing spontaneously, or at least very rarely seen, in Britain. Having taken occasion in this work to criticize the method of Rivinus, this circumstance gave rise to some literary altercation, the result of which was a more careful revisal of his system, and a republication of his Methodus Plantarum Nova. At this period he was so tormented by a continual diarrhoea and painful ulcers in his legs, which kept him sleepless for whole nights, that he could not walk into the fields, much less visit the botanic gardens, where he might have found materials for his work.