◆The Emperor Aurelian was born about 212 A. D., and was of very humble origin. He served as a soldier in almost every part of the Roman Empire, and rose at last to the purple by dint of his prowess and address in arms, succeeding Claudius in 270 A. D. Almost the whole of his short reign of four years and a half was occupied in constant fighting. Killed in a conspiracy 275 A. D. [32] P. 53: ◆Perseus, the last King of Macedon, son of Philip V., came to the throne 179 B. C. His struggle with the Roman power lasted from 171 to 165, when he was finally defeated at the battle of Pydna by the consul L. Aemilius Paulus. He was carried to Rome and adorned the triumph of his conqueror in 167 B. C., and afterwards thrown into a dungeon. He was subsequently released, however, on the intercession of Aemilius Paulus, and died in honourable captivity at Alba. ◆Maria of Austria, sister of Charles V., widow of Louis II. of Hungary, and ruler over the Netherlands; she died in 1558. It was against her rule that John of Leyden struggled. ◆Brantôme has in mind Aurelia Victorina, mother of Victorinus, according to Trebillius Pollio, _Thirty Tyrants_, XXX. [33] P. 54: ◆In Froissart, liv. I, chap. 174. ◆Henri I., Prince de Condé, died in 1588 (January 5), poisoned, says the _Journal de Henri_, by his wife Catherine Charlotte de la Trémolle. ◆Isabella of Austria, daughter of Philip II. ◆Jeanne de Flandres. [34] P. 55: ◆Jacquette de Montberon, Brantôme’s sister-in-law. ◆Machiavelli, Dell’arte della guerre, Bk. V., ii. [35] P. 56: ◆Paule de Penthièvre, the second wife of Jean II. de Bourgogne, Count de Nevers. [36] P. 57: ◆Richilde, Countess de Hainaut, who died in 1091. ◆Hugues Spencer, or le Dépensier. ◆Jean de Hainaut, brother of Count de Hainaut. ◆Cassel and Broqueron. ◆Edward II. of Caernarvon, King of England, was the fourth son of Edward I. and Queen Eleanor. Ascended the throne 1307, and married Isabel of France the following year. A cowardly and worthless Prince, and the tool of scandalous favourites, such as Piers Gaveston. Isabel and Mortimer landed at Orwell, in Suffolk, in 1326, and deposed the King, who was murdered at Berkeley Castle, 1327. [37] P. 58: ◆Eleonore d’Acquitaine. [38] P. 59: ◆Thevet wrote the _Cosmographie_; Nauclerus wrote a _Chronographie_. [39] P. 60: ◆Vittoria Colonna, daughter of Fabrizio Colonna and of Agnes de Montefeltro, born in 1490, and affianced at the age of four to Ferdinand d’Avalos, who became her husband. The letter of which Brantôme speaks is famous; he found it in Vallès, fol. 205. As for Mouron, he was the great Chancellor Hieronimo Morone. [40] P. 61: ◆Plutarch, _Anthony_, Chap. xiv. [41] P. 62: ◆Catherine Marie de Lorraine, wife of Louis de Bourbon, Duke De Montpensier. ◆Henri III., assassinated at Paris, 1589. [42] P. 65: ◆The _other man_ was Mayenne. [43] P. 67: