[9] Crusaders returning to Italy brought with them medals with the effigy of S. Helen. These were called Santelena, and gradually the name was given to other medals. [10] _Arch. Med. ante Prin._, Filza xi. No. 233. [11] Letter is addressed on the outside of the sheet: [spectab]ili viro Averardo de [Medic]is Oratori florentinorum [Ferrari] e fratri honorando. (_Archivio Mediceo innanzi il Principato_, Filza 2, No. 306.) [12] It is impossible even to guess at who “Ser P., the godfather,” or “the godmother” are. As has been already mentioned, Cosimo often alludes to people by nicknames or initials. [13] _Arch. Med. ante Prin._, Filza ii. No. 302. [14] _Arch. Med. ante Prin._, Filza v. Avanzi, No. 9. [15] Cosimo’s brother. [16] _Arch. Med. ante Prin._, Filza ii. No. 588-89. [17] _Arch. Med. ante Prin._, Filza ii. No. 612. [18] Cosimo de’ Medici’s younger brother. [19] _Magni Cosmi Medicei Vita_, Angelo Fabronio, ii. 28. [20] Or Alberghettino, a small cell about eight feet by six, in the tower of the Palazzo Vecchio. [21] A castle near Cafaggiuolo. [22] Cosimo’s oration is not in his diary, but is given by Fabroni, _Magni Cosmi Medicei Vita_, Angelo Fabronio. Pisis, 1784, ii. 75. [23] To frequent the Palace of the Signoria was esteemed in Florence the sign of an intriguing politician. Giovanni had advised his sons “to be chary of frequenting the Palace” (see p. 6). [24] Eugenius IV. was a fugitive in Florence. [25] _Le Istorie Fiorentine_, Niccolò Machiavelli, p. 220. Firenze, 1900. [26] _Sermoni Evangelici_, Sacchetti, p. 94. [27] A slave, Margherita, ten years of age, is thus described by her owner Lapini: _Pellis ulivigne cum margine magno in testa apud cilium sinistrum, margine in gena sinistra prope nasum, naso rincagnato, aurichulis olim foratis, hodie reclusis, resaldatis_ (register of June 18, 1367). She cost twenty-nine golden florins. Another, Exilana, a Tartar, is described as of: _Pellis ulivigne, cum margine in cornu sinistra, parva, et alia margine in templa dextra, oculis quasi suffornatis et litiginibus per faciem_ (register of April 1, 1389.) Many are described as _bucterata vaiolo per totam faciem_, and only one is _pulcra corpere_. In the bill of sale they are generally guaranteed, _sana et integra omnibus suis membris tam occultis quam manifestis, et specialiter a morba caduca_, which seems to show that the slaves were subject to epilepsy. [28] _Memoriale del Baldovinetti_, Cod. Cart. Magliabecchiana. [29] _Lettere di una Gentildonna_, &c., p. 504. [30] Most of the facts are taken from _Le Schiave Orientali a Firenze nei Secoli XIV. e XV._, Saggio dì Agostino Zanelli. Firenze, 1885. [31] Perhaps an abbreviation of Cornaro. [32] _Arch. Med. ante Prin._, Filza xiv. No. 469. [33] _Le Istorie Fiorentine_, N. Machiavelli, p. 242. Firenze, 1900.