But the discovery which eclipsed all Mr. FELLOWS’ previous researches was that of the ancient capital of Lycia—Xanthus. Next in importance to that was his disinterment of Tlos. He saw the ruins of other and, in their day, famous towns. It was plain that he had now before him a fine opening to add to the stores of human knowledge in some of its grandest departments—artistic, historical, biblical. But, in 1838, he had not the most ordinary appliances of minute research. He went back to England; found (as LAYARD was also destined to find, very shortly afterwards) only a very little encouragement, at official hands; much more than a little, however, in his own reflections and foresight. [Sidenote: FURTHER DISCOVERIES IN THE VALLEY OF THE XANTHUS, AND IN OTHER PARTS OF LYCIA; 1840–42.] In 1839, he went back to Lycia, taking with him George SCHARF, then carefully described as ‘a young English artist,’ now widely known as an eminent archæologist. FELLOWS explored. SCHARF drew. Early in 1840, ten Lycian cities were added to the previous discoveries. Each of them contained many precious works of ancient art. In order to effectual excavation, and in order also to the safety of what was found from destruction by Turkish barbarities, the Sultan’s firman was essential. The difficulties were much like those which, as I have had occasion to show in ‘Book Second,’ lay in the path of Lord ELGIN, under similar circumstances, more than forty years earlier. By Lord PONSONBY’S zealous efforts, they were at length surmounted. [Sidenote: See Book II, chap. 2; pp. 382, seqq.] At the earnest instance of the Museum Trustees, the Government at home seconded the exertions of their ambassador at Constantinople; and this combination of endeavour made that feasible which the best energies of Sir Charles FELLOWS, single handed, must have utterly failed to secure. The reader will not, I incline to think, regard as an instance of overmuch detail, if I here add—for instructive comparison with the terms of the official letter procured by Lord ELGIN—the words in which RIFAAT Pasha, in June, 1841, describes the antiquities, the removal whereof was to be graciously permitted. In 1800, Lord ELGIN (after enormous labour) was empowered to ‘take away any pieces of stone, from the Temples of the Idols, with old inscriptions or figures thereon.’ Now—in 1841—the ‘pieces of stone’ are described as ‘antique remains and rare objects.’ The schoolmaster, it will be seen, had been at work at Constantinople. [Sidenote: THE RESEARCHES AT CADYANDA, PINARA, &C.] The explorations at Cadyanda, at Pinara, and at Sidyma, richly merit the reader’s attention, as an essential part of our present subject. But happily Sir Charles FELLOWS’ books are both accessible and popular. Here we must hasten on to Xanthus, and Sir Charles’ story must now be told in his own expressive and graphic words: [Sidenote: THE EXCAVATIONS AT XANTHUS.]