Lives of the most eminent literary and scientific men of France, Vol. 1 (of 2)Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft
Science
Lives of the most eminent literary and scientific men of France, Vol. 1 (of 2)
Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft
Authors, French -- Biography
The king and the inimical bishops continued inveterate. The brief was
received and registered according to form. The metropolitan assemblies
applauded Fénélon's piety, virtue, and talents: some of his own
suffragans had the indecency and servility to make irrelevant objections
to his pastoral letter; but these were overruled. Bossuet drew up a
report of the whole affair, to be presented at the next assembly of the
clergy. Considerable want of candour is manifest in his account. He does
what he can to weaken the effect of Fénélon's submission, while he
insinuates excuses for his own vehemence. The report is remarkable with
regard to the testimony it gives to the innocence of madame Guyon. "As
to the abominations," it said, "which seemed the necessary consequences
of her doctrine, they were wholly out of the question; she herself
always mentioned them with horror." No reconciliation ever took place
between Fénélon and Bossuet, who died in 1714.[114]
Louis XIV. was inexorable. Fénélon continued in exile and his friends
in disgrace; such displeasure was shown, that the servile courtiers,
among whom we must rank, on this occasion, madame de Maintenon, kept
aloof from him. His friends, however, were true and faithful. They took
every opportunity of meeting together; it was their delight to talk of
him, to regret him, to express their wishes for his return, and to
contrive means of seeing him.
The circumstance that confirmed the king's distaste to the virtuous
archbishop, was the publication of Telemachus. Fénélon appears to have
employed his leisure, while preceptor to the princes, on composing a
work which hereafter would serve as a guide and instructor to the duke
of Burgundy. The unfortunate affair of quietism led him from such
studies; but Telemachus was already finished: he gave it to a valet to
copy, who sold it to a bookseller in Paris. The spies, who watched every
movement of the archbishop, gave notice of the existence of the book;
and when the printing had advanced to the 208th page, the whole was
seized, and every exertion to annihilate the work was made. Fortunately,
motives of gain sharpened men's wits for its preservation; a manuscript
copy was preserved; it was sold to Adrian Moetjens, a bookseller at the
Hague, who published it in June, 1699,--incorrectly, indeed, as it
remained during the author's life; but still it was printed; editions
were multiplied; it was translated into every European language, and
universally read and admired. In the work itself there was much to annoy
Louis XIV., who, as he grew old and bigoted, lost all the generosity
which he had heretofore possessed, and, spoilt by the sort of adoration
which all writers paid, grasped at flattery more eagerly than in his
earlier and more laudable career. The lessons of wisdom sounded like
censure in his ear. The courtiers increased his irritability, by making
particular applications of the personages in the tale[115]; but without
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