enforced in his household, and his tradesmen were punctually paid once a month.’ This virtue was quite enough to purchase sneers for him in the cabinet of King George and the court of Queen Caroline. In the last year of the reign of that King died General Hawley, whose severity to his soldiers acquired for him in the ranks the title of lord chief justice. An extract from his will may serve to show that the ‘lord chief justice’ had little in him of the Christian soldier. ‘I direct and order that, as there’s now a peace, and I may die the common way, my carcase may be put anywhere, ’tis equal to me; but I will have no more expense or ridiculous show than if a poor soldier, who is as good a man, were to be buried from the hospital. The priest, I conclude, will have his fee--let the puppy take it. Pay the carpenter for the carcase-box. I give to my sister 5,000_l._ As to my other relations, I have none who want, and as I never was married, I have no heirs; I have, therefore, long since taken it into my head to adopt one son and heir, after the manner of the Romans; who I hereafter name, &c.... I have written all this,’ he adds, ‘with my own hand, and this I do because I hate all priests of all professions, and have the worst opinion of all members of the bar.’ Having glanced at these social traits of men who were among the foremost of those who were above the rank of mere courtiers around the throne of the husband of Caroline, let us quit the palace, and seek for other samples of the people and the times in the prisons, the private houses, and the public streets. With regard to the prisons, it is easier to tell than to conceive the horrors even of the debtors’ prisons of those days. Out of them, curiously enough, arose the colonisation of the state of Georgia. General Oglethorpe having heard that a friend named Castle, an architect by profession, had died in consequence of the hardships inflicted on him in the Fleet Prison, instituted an enquiry, by which discovery was made of some most iniquitous proceedings. The unfortunate debtors, unable to pay their fees to the gaolers, who had no salary and lived upon what they could extort from the prisoners and their friends, were subjected to torture, chains, and starvation. The authorities of the prison were prosecuted, and penalties of fine and imprisonment laid upon them. A better result was a parliamentary grant, with a public subscription and private donations, whereby Oglethorpe was enabled to found a colony of liberated insolvents in Georgia. Half of the settlers were either insolvent simply because their richer and extravagant debtors neglected to pay their bills; the other half were the victims of their own extravagance.