Living lights : $b A popular account of phosphorescent animals and vegetablesHolder, Charles Frederick
Science
Living lights : $b A popular account of phosphorescent animals and vegetables
Holder, Charles Frederick
Animals; Bioluminescence; Phosphorescence
As we have seen, the light emitted by animals, plants, and minerals,
of whatever cause, presents much that is mysterious; and the problem
of animal phosphorescence would seem no nearer being solved to-day
than it was fifty years ago. This is perhaps due to a lack of study
and investigation. A glance at the appended bibliography shows that
much has been written upon the subject; but it is only within the last
decade that serious work in this direction has been done, typified
in the superb work of Dubois, and the papers and monographs of the
other scientists mentioned. The naturalists of the “Albatross,” the
government exploring steamer, are to make investigations regarding the
luminosity of the Pacific, during the forthcoming tour on the western
coast. The French Academy of Sciences offers this year a prize of three
thousand francs for the best paper upon animal phosphorescence. From
this it would appear evident that the phenomenon is creating renewed
or increasing interest, and in the following years will be the subject
of much study and investigation; and we may expect in the near future
to have not only its cause explained, but possibly to see a practical
application of its possibilities to the wants of mankind.
APPENDIX.
[1] PAGE 5.--_Noctiluca._ This interesting little creature belongs,
in the natural arrangement as now recognized by science, to the first
grand division of the animal kingdom. Simple as it is, it is not so
completely without organs as some which form the first groups of this
first division, as it has a whip-like organ, which gives name to its
group, the _Flagellata_, or flagellate infusorians. These monads, as
they are also called, are represented by a species of _Noctiluca_ in
our North-American waters off the coast of Maine. Huxley regards its
luminous property as given out by the peripheral layer of protoplasm
which lines the cuticle.
M. Giglioli of Bologna, Italy, in a letter to the author, says, “I have
distinguished three modes of marine phosphorescence, very distinct,
which present a great number of varieties. These are,--
“(_a_) Diffused homogeneous milky light.
“(_b_) Luminous points, sparkling and inconstant.
“(_c_) Luminous disks, with light generally fixed, and not
sparkling.
“In one case the sea seemed on fire, and dolphins seemed to be fire.
“Again, the sea seemed to acquire an oily consistence, giving out soft
homogeneous light, of a milky color, tinted with green or bluish. It
is perhaps the least frequent, but most striking. It is due to the
presence of noctiluca. It often resembled incandescent rain falling
from the paddle-wheels of steamers.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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