Living lights : $b A popular account of phosphorescent animals and vegetablesHolder, Charles Frederick
Science
Living lights : $b A popular account of phosphorescent animals and vegetables
Holder, Charles Frederick
Animals; Bioluminescence; Phosphorescence
The different depths affect the inhabitants to a more or less extent.
In some, the eyes seem to have lost their proper functions; and an
instance is thus described by the Rev. A. M. Norman, naturalist of
the “Porcupine,” the crustacean being _Ethusa granulata_: “The
examples at one hundred and ten to three hundred and seventy fathoms
in the more southern habitat have the carapace furnished in front with
a spinose rostrum of considerable length. The animal is apparently
blind, but has two remarkable spiny eye-stalks, with a smooth rounded
termination where the eye itself is ordinarily situated. In the
specimens, however, from the north, which live in five hundred and
forty-two and seven hundred and five fathoms, the eye-stalks are
no longer movable. They have become firmly fixed in their sockets,
and their character is quite changed. They are of much larger size,
approach nearer to each other at their base; and, instead of being
rounded at their apices, they terminate in a strong rostrate point.
No longer used as eyes, they now assume the functions of a rostrum;
while the true rostrum, so conspicuous in the southern specimens, has,
marvellous to state, become absorbed. Had there been only a single
example of this form procured, we should at once have concluded that we
had found a monstrosity; but there is no room for such an hypothesis
by which to escape from this most strange instance of modification
of structure under altered conditions of life. Three specimens were
procured, on two different occasions, and they are in all respects
similar.”
Specimens of these crabs found in _shallow_ water had perfect eyes;
but, beyond one hundred and ten fathoms, they had changed as above
stated. As Darwin has said, the stand for the telescope is there,
though the telescope with its glasses has been lost.
Probably many of the deep-sea forms are luminous in some way.[40]
_Aristeus_ and allied forms are known to have phosphorescent eyes.
Others have phosphorescent organs in various parts of the body. In one,
the legs bear luminous bands that sparkle and gleam as the animal moves
along in its dismal home. In others there are certain globular luminous
organs beneath the thorax, and between the abdominal swimmerets that
have been described as eyes. The light emitted by the several organs is
of different degrees of brilliancy.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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