Londinium, Architecture and the CraftsLethaby, W. R. (William Richard)
History
Londinium, Architecture and the Crafts
Lethaby, W. R. (William Richard)
England -- Antiquities, Roman; London (England) -- Antiquities, Roman; Romans -- England -- London
The Roman impersonations of places and ideas are nearer to us than the
gods, and they indeed belong to universal poetry. Chief of these is
_Britannia_, the “Sacred Britain” of the inscriptions. This
impersonation was “revived” (we may truly say so in this case, for it
had life and reality in it) for our coins in the seventeenth century. It
is astonishing evidence of the paralysis of modern architectural thought
how little use has been made of this noble imagination which ultimately
derives from the gold and ivory Athene of Phidias, and yet is our very
own. A seated variant of the standing Athene was made to represent the
goddess Rome, and this in turn was the source of our _Britannia_. Next
in importance were the impersonations of cities, and every city and
station had a representative figure which stood for its spirit, its
genius, itself. Our French friends, in their images of the City of Paris
or of Strasbourg, still make use of the idea, but we have ceased to know
that a city is more than a congested area where landlords hire out what
they call houses. I wonder if London were given an image whether it
might not acquire a new sense of soul.
In the London Museum is a pretty and well-sculptured figure which is, I
think, a city impersonation and may be _Londinium_. It is one of two
sculptures in marble which seem to have been found about 1887, together
with a Mithraic relief, on the bank of the Walbrook. It was at first
identified as Fortune, but Dr. Haverfield objected that Fortune would
have been a female figure, and he suggested “_Bonus Eventus_, or a
genius”; at the London Museum it is entitled _Bonus Eventus_. It would
be hardly possible to bring forward any nearly similar figure with such
a designation; on the other hand, a genius of Rome having a striking
resemblance to our figure is one of the commonest types of the later
coinage. Our figure, a graceful youth, holds a great cornucopia against
his left shoulder and pours with his right hand a libation on an altar
from a patera; a serpent rising from the altar winds around his wrist;
by his left leg is the prow of a ship. He has two wreaths or collars
around his neck and is partially draped; his mantle seems to have fallen
from his head like a veil, and this suggests that he wore a mural crown
or a modius. Now the genius of the Roman people on the coins was
represented with a modius on his head, a horn of abundance in his left
hand, and a patera from which he pours, in his right. Such a figure
occurs on several coins which bear the Mint mark of London and the
legend _Genio Populi Romani_. It is quite possible that our statue may
be the genius of Londinium itself. It is known that our British Roman
towns had impersonations wearing mural crowns—a fragment of such a
figure has been found at Silchester. Our figure is clearly of the nature
of Fortune, and the impersonations of towns were their Fortunes. The
ship and the horn of plenty, piled up with fruits, corn and articles of
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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