London (England) -- History; London (England) -- Social life and customs
They still kept the saint's day of their company; in fact, when the old
faith was suppressed the people willingly endured a change of doctrine
so long as they were not called upon to give up their feasting, which
was exactly what had happened in Italy and elsewhere when the people
were induced or forced to become Christians. They made no objection to
doctrine, provided their practice was not interfered with. Therefore the
Protestant citizens kept up their Whitsun ales, their wakes, their
Easter and Christmas feastings. All the saints' days which brought
something better than ordinary to eat, with morris dances, May-poles,
bonfires, music, and Feasts of Misrule were religiously conserved. As to
the Feast of Misrule, hear the testimony of the contemporary moralist:
"Thus all things set in order, then have they their hobby-horses, their
dragons, and other antiques, together with their pipers and thundering
drummers, to strike up the Devil's Dance. Thus march this merry company
towards the church and church-yard, their pipers piping, their drummers
thundering, their stumpes dancing, their bells jingling, their
handkerchiefs fluttering about their heads like madmen, their
hobby-horses and other monsters skirmishing among the throng, and in
this sort they go to the church like devils incarnate, with such a
confused noise that no man can hear his own voice. Then the foolish
people--they look, they stare, they laugh, they cheer, they mount upon
forms and pews to see the goodly pageants solemnized in this sort. Then,
after this, about the church they go again and again, and so forth into
the church-yard, where they have commonly their summer halls, their
bowers, arbors, and banqueting-houses set up, wherein they feast,
banquet, and dance all that day, and, peradventure, all that night too."
To keep a troop of servants has always been a mark of state. Ladies used
to beat their servants--following the example of the Queen, who
sometimes boxed the ears of her courtiers. Everybody of position
travelled, and nearly everybody went to Italy, with results disastrous
to religion and to morals. One of the worst figures in the Elizabethan
gallery is the Englishman Italianized. Of course on his return the
traveller gave himself strange airs. How they travelled and what they
saw may be read in that most charming book, the _Epistolæ Hoellianæ_.
Card-playing and gaming were the commonest form of amusement. The games
were _primero_, which Falstaff foreswore, trump, _gleek_, _gresco_, new
cut, knave out-of-doors, ruff, noddy, post and pace--all of these games
corresponding, no doubt, to those still played.
Another favorite amusement was dancing in all its various forms, from
the stately court dance to the merry circle on the village green. The
principal dances were the solemn _pavane_, the _brawl_, the _Passamezzo
galliard_, the _Canary dance_, the _coranto_, the _lavolta_, the _jig_,
the _galliard_, the _fancy_, and the _hey_.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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