that many of these irregular practitioners had powerful friends, and we find Ministers of State writing on behalf of some of them, praying that the punishment may be remitted. MEDICINE IN THE DAYS OF PEPYS. In order to complete the picture of the profession in the seventeenth century, I have abstracted from the Diary of truthful Samuel Pepys a few facts having a bearing on medicine. These seem to me to throw no little light upon the science, practice, and ethics of medicine at his time:--“March 26th, 1660: This day it is two years since it pleased God that I was cut for the stone at Mrs. Turner’s in Salisbury-court. And did resolve while I live to keep it a festival, as I did the last year at my house, and for ever to have Mrs. Turner and her company with me. But now it pleased God that I am prevented to do it openly: Only within my soul I can and do rejoice, and bless God, being at this time, blessed be His holy name, in as good health as ever I was in my life.--Oct. 19th, 1663: Coming to St. James’s, I hear that the Queen did sleep five hours pretty well to-night, and that she waked and gargled her mouth, and to sleep again; but that her pulse beats fast, beating twenty to the King’s or my Lady Suffolk’s eleven. It seems she was so ill as to be shaved and pidgeons put to her feet, and to have the extreme unction given her by the priests, who were so long about it that the doctors were angry. The King they all say is most fondly disconsolate for her, and weeps by her, which makes her weep; which one this day told me he reckons a good sign, for that it carries away some rheume from the head.--Oct. 20th: Mrs. Sarah ---- tells us that the Queen’s sickness is the spotted fever, and that she is as full of spots as a leopard.--22nd: This morning, hearing that the Queen grows worse again, I sent to stop the making of my velvet cloak till I see whether she lives or dies.--24th: The Queen is in a good way to recovery; and Sir Francis Pridgeon [Prujean, President of the Royal College of Physicians] hath got great honour by it, it being all imputed to his cordiall.--Jan. 16th, 1667: Prince Rupert, I hear, is very ill; yesterday given over, but better to-day.--28th: Prince Rupert is very bad still, and so bad that he do now yield to be trepanned.--Feb. 3rd: To White Hall.... Talking, and among other things, of the Prince’s being trepanned, which was in doing just as we passed through the Stone Gallery, we asking at the door of his lodgings, and were told so. We are full of wishes for the good success, though I dare say but few do really concern ourselves for him in our hearts. With others into the House, and there hear that the work is done to the Prince in a few minutes without any pain at all to him, he not knowing when it was done. It was performed by Moulins. Having cut the outward table, as they call it, they find the inner all corrupted, so as to come out without any force; and the fear is that the whole inside of his head