1. The Palace of Westminster. 2. St. Stephen’s Chapel. 3. Westminster Hall. 4. Westminster Abbey. 5. Old Palace Yard. 6. The Clock Tower. 7. The Gate House. 8. St. Margaret’s Church. 9. The King’s Stairs. 10. Star Chamber. 11. Lambeth Palace. 12. Stangate Horse Ferry. 13. St. James’s Hospital. 14. St. James’s. 15. Whitehall. 16. Holbein’s Gate. 17. Scotland Yard. 18. Charing Cross. 19. King’s Mews. 20. St. Martin’s Church. 21. St. Mary’s Hospital. 22. St. Giles’s Church. 23. Convent Garden. 24. The Strand. 25. York House. 26. Durham House. 27. Savoy Palace. 28. Somerset Place. 29. St. Mary le Strand. 30. St. Clement Dane. 31. Lincoln’s Inn. 32. Lincoln’s Inn Fields. 33. Gray’s Inn. 34. Ely House. 35. Fetter Lane. 36. Rolls Place. 37. St. Dunstan’s Church. 38. The Temple Church. 39. The Temple. 40. Fleet Street. 41. Grey Friars. 42. Palace of Bridewell. 43. St. Bride’s. 44. St. Andrew’s Church. 45. St. Sepulchre’s Church. 46. Fleet Ditch. 47. St. John’s Hospital. 48. Smithfield. 49. St. James’s, Clerkenwell. 50. Newgate. 51. Ludgate. 52. Blackfriars. 53. The Wardrobe. 54. Baynard Castle. 55. St. Paul’s Cathedral. 56. St. Paul’s Cross. 57. St. Bartholomew’s the Great. 58. Grey Friars. 59. Queen Hythe. 60. The Standard. 61. Rochester House. 62. The Stews. 63. Bank Side. From the Panorama of “London, Westminster, and Southwark, in 1543.” By Anthony Van den Vyngaerde. (Sutherland Collection, Bodleian Library. Oxford.) _For continuation see pp. 234 and 350._ _pp. 219, 219._ ] In 1545 Henry VIII. ordained the confiscation of the property of all colleges, fraternities, brotherhoods and gilds. This measure, sweeping in its terms, was not generally carried out. In 1547 the advisers of Edward VI. swept away all the craft gilds in England except the Companies of London and a few gilds in country towns. The statute provided that artisans might work where they pleased whether they were free of the town or not. Trade, therefore, had entered upon new conditions; this was inevitable, owing to the many changes—the revolutionary changes which created so wide a gulf between the fifteenth and the sixteenth centuries. With these preliminaries we can now proceed to the revival and expansion of trade and the development of enterprise in the sixteenth century, but more especially during the reign of Queen Elizabeth. The endowment of the City with a Bourse is generally attributed to the perception by Sir Thomas Gresham of the need for such a place of meeting,[8] though the matter had been mooted and the opinion of merchants taken thirty years before.