In the nineteenth century the North spent $4,800,000,000 during the American [Cost of the American Civil War.] Civil War, and the South spent $2,300,000,000. The number of casualties in the volunteer and regular armies of the United States during this war were as follows: Killed in battle, 67,056; died of wounds, 43,012; died of disease, 199,720; died from other causes, 40,154; total number of deaths, 349,944. The number of soldiers in the Confederate service, who died of wounds or disease, was about 133,800. The world's plea for arbitration in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries was indeed a forceful one and the Peace Conference at the Hague in 1899 deserved absolute success. It has been estimated that 40,000,000 human beings perish in war every century. Since the Trojan war (about 3,000 years ago), it is estimated that 1,000,200,000 men have perished (up to the close of the nineteenth century) in battle. The population of the world in 1899 was placed at 1,500,000,000. If all who had been killed in battle since the Trojan war could be ranged on a field and the entire population of the world also enumerated, the numbers of the killed would nearly equal those of the living. In the 19th century in no direction was so much human energy wasted as in preparation for war or in the process of actual warfare. It was stupendous folly and a crime, a blot upon civilization. With such terrible figures before them the advocates of universal peace might well take heart at the sight of a Peace Conference, gathered in 1899 to adopt measures to reduce European armaments. During the last half of the 19th century the following great wars were waged: War. Cost. Losses. Italian (1859) $300,000,000 45,000 Austro-Prussian (1866) 330,000,000 45,000 Crimean, 1,700,000,000 150,000 Russio-Turkish, 1,000,000,000 225,000 Franco-Prussian, 2,500,000,000 210,000 Zulu and Afghan, 300,000,000 40,000 American civil war, 7,100,000,000 800,000 --------------- --------- Totals, $13,230,000,000 1,515,000