infinitely the greater part of it must depend upon the exercise of the powers which are left at large to the prudence and uprightness of ministers of state. Even all the use and potency of the laws depend upon them. Without them your commonwealth is no better than a scheme upon paper, and not a living, active, effective organization." BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE For accounts of the whole career of Lord Elgin see _Letters and Journals of James, Eighth, Earl of Elgin_, etc., edited by Theodore Walrond, C.B., with a preface by his brother-in-law, Dean Stanley (London 2nd. ed., 1873); for China mission, _Narrative of the Earl of Elgin's Mission to China and Japan_ by Lawrence Oliphant, his private secretary (Edinburgh, 1869); for the brief Indian administration, _The Friend of India_ for 1862-63. Consult also article in vol. 8 of _Encyclopædia Britannica_, 9th ed.; John Charles Dent's _Canadian Portrait Gallery_ (Toronto, 1880), vol. 2, which also contains a portrait; W.J. Rattray's _The Scot in British North America_ (Toronto, 1880) vol. 2, pp. 608-641. For an historical review of Lord Elgin's administration in Canada, see J.C. Dent's _The Last Forty Years, or Canada since the Union of 1841_ (Toronto, 1881), chapters XXIII-XXXIV inclusive, with a portrait; Louis P. Turcotte's _Le Canada Sous l'Union_ (Quebec, 1871), chapters I-IV, inclusive; Sir Francis Hincks's _Reminiscences of His Public Life_ (Montreal, 1884) with a portrait of the author; Joseph Pope's _Memoirs of the Rt. Hon. Sir John A. Macdonald, G.C.B._ (Ottawa and London, 1894), with portraits of the great statesman, vol. 1, chapters IV-VI inclusive; Lord Grey's _Colonial Policy of Lord John Russell's Administration_ (London, 2nd ed., 1853), vol. 1; Sir C.B. Adderley's _Review of the Colonial Policy of Lord John Russell's Administration, by Earl Grey, and Subsequent Colonial History_ (London, 1869). For accounts of the evolution of responsible government in Canada consult the works by Dent, Turcotte, Rattray, Hincks, Grey and Adderley, just mentioned; Lord Durham's _Report on the Affairs of British North America_, submitted to parliament, 1839; Dr. Alpheus Todd's _Parliamentary Government in The British Colonies_ (2nd ed. London, 1894); Bourinot's _Manual of the Constitutional History of Canada_ (Toronto, 1901); his _Canada under British Rule_ (London and Toronto, 1901), chapters VI-VIII inclusive; _Memoir of the Life of the Rt. Hon. Lord Sydenham, etc._, by his brother G. Poulett Scrope, M.P., (London, 1843), with a portrait of that nobleman; _Life and Correspondence of Charles Lord Metcalfe_, by J.W. Kaye (London, new ed., 1858).