Lord Kelvin: An account of his scientific life and workGray, Andrew
Science
Lord Kelvin: An account of his scientific life and work
Gray, Andrew
Kelvin, William Thomson, Baron, 1824-1907
When a wire is used to connect the plates the state of strain
disappears; the energy comes out from the medium between the plates by
motion sideways of the tubes of strain (so that the insulating medium is
under longitudinal tension and lateral pressure) which, according to
Faraday's conception of lines of electric force connecting the charge on
a body with the opposite charges on other bodies, run from plate to
plate, when the condenser is in equilibrium in the changed state. These
tubes move out with their ends on the wire, carrying the energy with
them, and the ends run towards one another along the wire; the tube
shortens in the process, and energy is lost in the wire. The ends of a
tube thus moving represent portions of the charges which were on the
plates, and the oppositely-directed motions of the opposite charges
represent a current along the wire from one conductor to the other. The
motion of the tubes is accompanied by the development of a magnetic
field, the lines of force of which are endless, and the direction of
which at every point is perpendicular at once to the length of the tube
and to the direction in which it is there moving. In certain
circumstances the tube, by the time its ends have met, will have wholly
disappeared in the wire, and the whole energy will have gone to heat the
wire: in other circumstances the ends will meet before the tube has
disappeared, the ends will cross, and the tube will be carried back to
the condenser and reinserted in the opposite direction. At a certain
time this will have happened to all the tubes, though they will have
lost some of their energy in the process; and the condenser will again
be charged, though in the opposite way to that in which it was at first.
Then the tubes will move out again, and the same process will be
repeated: once more the condenser will be charged, but in the same
direction as at first, and once more with a certain loss of energy.
Again the process of discharge and charge will take place, and so on,
again and again, until the whole energy has disappeared. This process
represents, according to the modern theory of the flow of energy in the
electromagnetic field, with more or less accuracy, what takes place in
the oscillatory discharge of a condenser.
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