Lord Kelvin: An account of his scientific life and workGray, Andrew
Science
Lord Kelvin: An account of his scientific life and work
Gray, Andrew
Kelvin, William Thomson, Baron, 1824-1907
One session he began the first lecture of the higher class by writing
dx⧸dt in the middle of the blackboard, and demanding of each of the ten
or a dozen students present, some of them distinguished graduates, what
it meant! One student described it as the limiting value of the ratio of
the increment of the dependent variable x to the increment of the
independent variable t, when the latter increment is made indefinitely
small. He retorted, "That's what Todhunter would say!" The others gave
various slightly different versions of the same definition. At last he
impatiently remarked, "Does nobody know that dx⧸dt means velocity?" Here
the physical idea as a whole was before his mind; and he did not reflect
that if t denoted time and x distance in any direction, the explanation
given by the student did describe velocity with fair accuracy.
An embarrassing peculiarity of his mathematical discussions was his
tendency, when a difficulty of symbolisation occurred, to completely
change the notation. Also he was not uniformly accurate in analytical
work; but he more than made up for this by the faculty he had of
devising a test of the accuracy of the result and of divining the error
which had crept in, if the test was not satisfied.
The subjects he treated were always such great branches of mathematics
as the theory of the tides--he discussed the tidal phenomena of the
English Channel in one course--the general theory of vibrations, Fourier
analysis, the theory of waves in water, etc., etc. A very good idea of
the manner and matter of his mathematical prelections can be obtained
from a perusal of the _Baltimore Lectures_.
In the physical laboratory he was both inspiring and distracting. He
continually thought of new things to be tried, and interrupted the
course of the work with interpolated experiments which often robbed the
preceding sequence of operations of their final result. His ideas were
on the whole better worked out by a really good corps of students when
he was from home, and could only communicate by letter his views on the
work set forth in the daily reports which were forwarded to him.
He insisted with emphasis that a student who found that a quadrant
electrometer would not work well should take it to pieces to ascertain
what was the matter. This of course generally resulted in the return of
the instrument to White's shop to be put together again and adjusted.
But, as he said, there was a cause for every trouble of that kind, and
the great thing was to find out at once what it was.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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