In order to solve the first difficulty which presented itself to his mind--that is to say, the question as to whether splenic fever was to be attributed to a substance, solid or liquid, associated or not associated with the filaments discovered by Davaine, or whether it depended exclusively upon the presence and the life of these filaments--Pasteur had recourse to the methods which for twenty years had served him as guides in his studies on the organisms of fermentation. These methods, delicate as they are, are very simple. When he wished, for example, to demonstrate that the microbe-ferment of the butyric fermentation was the very agent of decomposition, he prepared an artificial liquid formed of phosphates of potash, of magnesia, and of sulphate of ammonia, added to the solution of the fermentable matter, and in this medium he caused the microbe-ferments to be sown in a pure state. The microbe multiplied, and provoked fermentation. From this liquid he could pass to a second or third fermentable liquid composed in the same manner, and so on in succession. The butyric fermentation appeared successively in each. Since the year 1857 this method was supreme. In this particular research on the disease of splenic fever Pasteur proposed to isolate the microbe of the infected blood, to cultivate it in a state of purity in artificial liquids, and then to come back to the examination of its action on animals. But as, since his attack of paralysis in 1868, Pasteur had not recovered the use of his left hand, and consequently found it impossible to carry on a long series of experiments alone, he was obliged to seek for a courageous and devoted assistant. He found one in a former pupil of his at the École Normale, M. Joubert, now Professor of Physics at the Collège Rollin. If M. Joubert incurred the danger of these experiments on splenic fever, he also shared with Pasteur, in the Comptes-rendus of the Academy of Sciences, the honour of the researches and the triumph of the discoveries. On April 30, 1877, Pasteur read to the Academy of Sciences, in his own name and in that of his fellow-worker, a note in which he demonstrated, this time in a completely unanswerable manner, that the bacilli called bacteria, bacterides, filaments, rods, in a word the bacilli discovered by Davaine and Rayer in 1850, constituted the only agent of the malady.