The irritation of the neck of the bladder provokes a spasm of the detrusor vesicae. To this spasm is due the frequent painless impulse to urinate, by day when under mental activity, and in sleepless nights. Sometimes the detrusor is in a paretic condition. In paresis of the bladder the patient has to wait for the urine to come and has to use abdominal pressure to effect urination. The urine falls without force perpendicularly from the urethra. There is often desire to urinate, but never a feeling of satisfaction after urinating. When catheterization is attempted, there is a powerful resistance at the neck of the bladder, through a certain spasm of the sphincter. In spasm of the sphincter of the bladder there is also frequent impulse to urinate. Not seldom such patients are unable to urinate in the presence of others. Sometimes the urine cannot be passed at all. The spasm of the sphincter creates a certain difficulty in starting the act of micturition. The stream is often interrupted and, at the end, a dribbling of urine takes place. Through the spasmodic contraction of the muscular fibres of the sphincter the urethra represents a rigid open tube in which one end is closed; it thus resembles a pipette which retains the fluid as long as one end is closed. When the relaxation takes place, the fluid contained in the urethral tube dribbles out of the meatus. In paralysis or paresis of the sphincter the patient urinates often but in small quantities. In paresis of the sphincter there is no resistance to catheterization at the neck of the bladder. In the beginning of the paresis there is incontinence of urine during the night. Later on when the disease has progressed, and a perfect paralysis has ensued, the incontinence of the urine is constant even in daytime. In enuresis nocturna, often found in masturbating children, there is an imperfect innervation of the sphincter, while the innervation of the detrusor of the bladder is perfect. In all these anomalies the urethra is very sensitive. The passage of an instrument causes unbearable anguish. The patient acts as mad when the sound is introduced. There is often found a troublesome burning in the urethra, especially in the fossa navicularis, during or after micturition. Besides the frequent urgency to urination, in all these troubles, there is not seldom an actual polyuria present. The urine is pale, clear, watery, with low specific gravity, often as low as 1002. The urine is not seldom loaded with phosphates. Sometimes oxaluria, with high specific gravities up to 1050, is discovered. Transient glycosuria as high as two to three per cent. is also found. At times vesical tenesmus is met with. Sometimes anuria is observed, although the kidneys are in perfect order.