Luck, or Cunning, as the Main Means of Organic ModificationButler, Samuel
Philosophy
Luck, or Cunning, as the Main Means of Organic Modification
Butler, Samuel
Evolution; Natural selection
It may be said that the contention that the nature of the organism does
more towards determining its future than the conditions of its immediate
environment do, is only another way of saying that the accidents which
have happened to an organism in the persons of its ancestors throughout
all time are more irresistible by it for good or ill than any of the more
ordinary chances and changes of its own immediate life. I do not deny
this; but these ancestral accidents were either turned to account, or
neglected where they might have been taken advantage of; they thus passed
either into skill, or want of skill; so that whichever way the fact is
stated the result is the same; and if simplicity of statement be
regarded, there is no more convenient way of putting the matter than to
say that though luck is mighty, cunning is mightier still. Organism
commonly shows its cunning by practising what Horace preached, and
treating itself as more plastic than its surroundings; those indeed who
have had the greatest the first to admit that they had gained their ends
more by reputation as moulders of circumstances have ever been shaping
their actions and themselves to suit events, than by trying to shape
events to suit themselves and their actions. Modification, like charity,
begins at home.
But however this may be, there can be no doubt that cunning is in the
long run mightier than luck as regards the acquisition of property, and
what applies to property applies to organism also. Property, as I have
lately seen was said by Rosmini, is a kind of extension of the
personality into the outside world. He might have said as truly that it
is a kind of penetration of the outside world within the limits of the
personality, or that it is at any rate a prophesying of, and essay after,
the more living phase of matter in the direction of which it is tending.
If approached from the dynamical or living side of the underlying
substratum, it is the beginning of the comparatively stable equilibrium
which we call brute matter; if from the statical side, that is to say,
from that of brute matter, it is the beginning of that dynamical state
which we associate with life; it is the last of ego and first of non ego,
or _vice versâ_, as the case may be; it is the ground whereon the two
meet and are neither wholly one nor wholly the other, but a whirling mass
of contradictions such as attends all fusion.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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