Luck, or Cunning, as the Main Means of Organic ModificationButler, Samuel
Philosophy
Luck, or Cunning, as the Main Means of Organic Modification
Butler, Samuel
Evolution; Natural selection
I admit that this is much the most sensible position to take, but it can
only be taken by those who turn the deafest of deaf ears to the teachings
of science, and tolerate no going even for a moment below the surface of
things. People who take this line must know how to put their foot down
firmly in the matter of closing a discussion. Some one may perhaps
innocently say that some parts of the body are more living and vital than
others, and those who stick to common sense may allow this, but if they
do they must close the discussion on the spot; if they listen to another
syllable they are lost; if they let the innocent interlocutor say so much
as that a piece of well-nourished healthy brain is more living than the
end of a finger-nail that wants cutting, or than the calcareous parts of
a bone, the solvent will have been applied which will soon make an end of
common sense ways of looking at the matter. Once even admit the use of
the participle “dying,” which involves degrees of death, and hence an
entry of death in part into a living body, and common sense must either
close the discussion at once, or ere long surrender at discretion.
Common sense can only carry weight in respect of matters with which every
one is familiar, as forming part of the daily and hourly conduct of
affairs; if we would keep our comfortable hard and fast lines, our rough
and ready unspecialised ways of dealing with difficult questions, our
impatience of what St. Paul calls “doubtful disputations,” we must refuse
to quit the ground on which the judgments of mankind have been so long
and often given that they are not likely to be questioned. Common sense
is not yet formulated in manners of science or philosophy, for only few
consider them; few decisions, therefore, have been arrived at which all
hold final. Science is, like love, “too young to know what conscience,”
or common sense, is. As soon as the world began to busy itself with
evolution it said good-bye to common sense, and must get on with uncommon
sense as best it can. The first lesson that uncommon sense will teach it
is that contradiction in terms is the foundation of all sound
reasoning—and, as an obvious consequence, compromise, the foundation of
all sound practice. This, it follows easily, involves the corollary that
as faith, to be of any value, must be based on reason, so reason, to be
of any value, must be based on faith, and that neither can stand alone or
dispense with the other, any more than culture or vulgarity can stand
unalloyed with one another without much danger of mischance.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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