Luck, or Cunning, as the Main Means of Organic ModificationButler, Samuel
Philosophy
Luck, or Cunning, as the Main Means of Organic Modification
Butler, Samuel
Evolution; Natural selection
According to this view the skin and other tissues are supposed to be made
from dead protoplasm which living protoplasm turns to account as the
British Museum authorities are believed to stuff their new specimens with
the skins of old ones; the matter used by the living protoplasm for this
purpose is held to be entirely foreign to protoplasm itself, and no more
capable of acting in concert with it than bricks can understand and act
in concert with the bricklayer. As the bricklayer is held to be living
and the bricks non-living, so the bones and skin which protoplasm is
supposed to construct are held non-living and the protoplasm alone
living. Protoplasm, it is said, goes about masked behind the clothes or
habits which it has fashioned. It has habited itself as animals and
plants, and we have mistaken the garment for the wearer—as our dogs and
cats doubtless think with Giordano Bruno that our boots live when we are
wearing them, and that we keep spare paws in our bedrooms which lie by
the wall and go to sleep when we have not got them on.
If, in answer to the assertion that the osseous parts of bone are
non-living, it is said that they must be living, for they heal if broken,
which no dead matter can do, it is answered that the broken pieces of
bone do not grow together; they are mended by the protoplasm which
permeates the Haversian canals; the bones themselves are no more living
merely because they are tenanted by something which really does live,
than a house lives because men and women inhabit it; and if a bone is
repaired, it no more repairs itself than a house can be said to have
repaired itself because its owner has sent for the bricklayer and seen
that what was wanted was done.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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