Lichtenberg, in the Saxon Electorate, affords an example of how
Catholic ecclesiastics themselves promoted the falling away of their
flock by being the first to join the party of the innovators, sometimes
merely in order to be able to marry. As soon as Luther had heard that
Wolfgang Reissenbusch, the clerical preceptor and administrator of the
property belonging to the Antonines, was showing signs of a desire for
matrimony, by means of the seductive letter of March 27, 1525, already
quoted above,[940] he invited him to carry out his project boldly.
After his marriage, and notwithstanding the fact of his broken vow,
the monk not only retained his spiritual office, but even continued to
administer the temporalities of his Order, in defiance of all justice.
According to the custom now introduced, the property was placed at the
disposal of the Elector. Reissenbusch enjoyed the favour of the Court,
and in due course became one of the councillors of the Elector; his
district was gradually won over to Lutheranism.
* * * * *
Count Johann Heinrich of Schwarzburg, son of Count Günther one of
Luther’s enemies, wished to see the new church system introduced in his
domains, but met with the resistance of the monks to whom his father,
legally and in due form, had entrusted the livings. He accordingly
approached Luther with the question whether he might deprive them of
the livings, rights and property.
Luther soon came to a decision, replied in the affirmative and
proceeded to explain to his questioner how he might quiet his
conscience.[941] The Count’s father had made the transfer on the
condition that the monks should: “Keep their observance and above
all preach the Gospel.” Upon taking over the cure of souls they had
assumed the usual obligation of preaching the Catholic faith. Now,
he continues, it is only necessary that the Count should summon them
before him, and in the presence of witnesses prove from their replies
that they had not preached the Gospel (i.e. not according to Luther);
thereupon he would have the “right and the power, indeed it would be
his duty, to take the livings away from them ... for it is not unjust,
but an urgent duty, to drive away the wolf from the sheepfold....
No preacher receives property and emoluments for doing harm, but in
order that he may make men pious. If, therefore, he does not make them
pious, the goods are no longer his. Such is my brief answer.” This was
indeed the principle which he applied throughout the Saxon Electorate.
The result of its application to the bishoprics of Germany and to the
great ecclesiastical domains in the Empire was to overthrow the very
foundation of the law of property. If the bishop, abbot or provost no
longer succeeds in making people pious, “then the property no longer
belongs to him.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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