Madame Roland: A Biographical StudyTarbell, Ida M. (Ida Minerva)
History
Madame Roland: A Biographical Study
Tarbell, Ida M. (Ida Minerva)
France -- History -- Revolution, 1789-1799; Roland, Madame, 1754-1793
Mademoiselle Phlipon had likewise, in the days before her marriage, been
influenced by public affairs. She was in a centre where the populace
throbbed continually. A stone’s throw from her house the Parlement sat,
and its every act was a sign for popular joy or discontent. There could
be no demonstration without its passing largely under her windows. From
the first days of her life, then, her political education commenced. A
child of less intellectual curiosity and of less sensibility would not
have responded to these popular outbursts. They would have made but
fleeting impressions. It was different with her; she watched it all,
felt the rage or joy of the people, and brooded over its meaning. There
is, indeed, no more fascinating study in her life than the influence
which the panorama of the Pont Neuf and the Place Dauphine had upon her.
When she was eight years old she saw the smoke of burning volumes, as
she looked from her window towards the Place de la Grève. It was
Rousseau’s _Émile_ going up in smoke. Every year after she saw the same
suggestive sight. Now it was remonstrances against interferences by the
King with the rights of the Parlement which were burned; now the
seditious utterances of the independent parlements of Bretagne, of
Rouen, of Dauphiné; now a too liberal general history of the present
condition of Europe, translated from the English; now too bold
reflections on feudal rights; now Voltaire’s _Dictionnaire
philosophique_; now Holbach; now Raynal; now Helvétius. In 1775 she
heard La Harpe admonished “to be more circumspect in the future,”
because of a daring article he had published. These condemned authors
she was beginning to read.
She began to hear from her earliest days the word _révolution_. It had
been pronounced frequently for a long time in private, but it began to
be said aloud. When she was nine years old, a Paris priest declared: “We
approach a state of crisis and an age of revolutions. I believe it
impossible that the great monarchies of Europe endure long.” The priest
was condemned at the Châtelet across the river from her window, but his
discourse was printed and scattered right and left. She heard gossip of
how the Parlement had told the King that Frenchmen are free men and not
slaves; and a little later it is quite possible that she saw the King on
his way to the Palais de Justice, where, under the very eyes of the
Parlement, he erased their rebellious decree, and declared: “It is in my
person alone that the sovereign power exists; it is from me alone that
my courts have their existence and their authority; it is to me alone
that independent and indivisible legislative power belongs; public order
emanates entirely from me.”
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