[20] Callaway, _Rel. of Amazulu_, p. 67. [21] _Folk Lore Journal_, South Africa, ii. iv. 1880, p. 59, _et seq._ [22] _Golden Bough_, i. 155; ii. 10. Dos Santos, in Pinkerton, xvi. 682-687, _et seq._ [23] Dos Santos; in Pinkerton, xvi. 687. He confuses Quiteva, the country, and the king, the Quiteva. Cf. supra, p. 97 note 3. [24] Macdonald, _Africana_, i. 66, 67. For etymological guesses, and the application of _Mulungu_ (as of _Barimo_) to ancestral spirits, and the statement that 'all things in the world were made by Mulungu,' who was prior to death, see _Africana_, and Mr. Clement Scott's _Dictionary of the Mang'anja Language in British Central Africa_, and _Making of Religion_, pp. 232-238. [25] Beiderbecke, _F. L. Journal_, South Africa, iv. v. 88-97. [26] Callaway, p. 124. [27] Callaway, pp. 74-76. [28] Callaway, p. 55, note 4. XIII _'CUP AND RING:' AN OLD PROBLEM SOLVED_ History and antiquity supply our curious minds with many pleasant profitless exercises. Even in these days of education there are still many persons who have heard of the Man in the Iron Mask, and would like to know who he was. Nobody, of course, reads the 'Letters of Junius,' but many would be glad to be certain as to who wrote them. My riddle is infinitely more remote, but it has this merit: that I think I can unriddle it. If ever you roamed on that moor of the Cheviot Hills which is near Chatton Park (I think on Lord Tankerville's ground), you may have noticed, engraved on the boulders, central cup-like depressions, surrounded by incised concentric circles. Who hollowed out these devices, why, and in what age? I remember putting these questions when I first saw the 'scalps' of whinstone, just swelling out of the turf among the heather, on a beautiful day of September. It was a lonely spot, where victual never grew; about us were the blue heights of the Cheviots, below us the _fabulosus amnis_ of Till, that drowns three men to one drowned by Tweed. My friend told me that some said the stones were places of Druid human sacrifice, and others, men of common sense, held that the herd-boys carved the circles out of sheer idleness.