[4] _Proceedings S.A.S_. vol. xxx. 1896, pp. 291-316. [5] Spencer and Gillen, p. 632, Nos. 14-23. 'Ilkinia and Plum Tree Totem.' [6] The evidence for Australian slate spear-heads is not strong. Capt. King acquired a bundle of bark in a raid on natives. It contained 'several, spear-heads, most ingeniously and curiously made of stone ... the stone was covered with red pigment, and appeared to be _of a flinty slate_.'--See _The Picture of Australia_, p. 243. London, 1829. [7] Simpson, pp. 182-184. [8] Both, _Natives of N. W. Queensland_, p. 129, pi. xvii. [9] _Journal Anthrop. Institute_, May 1895, p. 410, pi. 21, fig. 7. [10] Some wooden churinga are engraved, as 'Australian Magic Sticks,' in Ratzel's popular _History of Mankind_, i. 379. They exactly answer to the churinga of the Arunta. [11] Royal Irish Academy, _Cunningham Memoirs_, No. x. 1894. [12] For cups, see Spencer and Gillen, p. 129; for concentric circles, see p. 131. [13] The tribal stores of churinga are _not_ the same as the places where churinga were dropped in the Alcheringa. [14] _Proceedings S.A.S_. vol. xxix. p. 193. Spencer and Gillen, fig. 132, No. 6. [15] _S.A.S_. 1884-5, vol. vii. pp. 388-394. Compare, for County Meath, the same work, 1892-93, pp. 297-338. [16] See the author's _Custom and Myth: The Bull Roarer_. Prof. Haddon has discovered many other instances; see also _The Golden Bough_, iii. 423 _et seq._ XIV _FIRST-FRUITS AND TABOOS_ Taboo is one of the few savage words which have struck root in England. Introduced from New Zealand (_tapu_) and other Polynesian islands, it is used in English to denote a prohibition. This, that, or the other thing, or person, or book is 'tabooed.' Many of the Ten Commandments are, in this sense, taboos. But, in anthropological language, 'taboo' generally denotes something more than a prohibition. It commonly means a prohibition for which, to the civilised mind, there is no very obvious meaning. In this way the prohibitive Commandments are not precisely taboos; it is pretty obvious why we ought not to steal or kill, though the _raison d'être_ of the Seventh Commandment is obscure to some advanced intelligences. But the reasons why a Sinclair must not cross the Ord on a certain 'lawful day,' or why on another 'lawful day' the fishermen of St. Andrews might not go a-fishing, resemble many savage taboos in the lack of a manifest reason why. Secondly, the infraction of the savage taboo generally, unlike that of the decalogue, carries its own punishment. Forbidden food is poison, tabooed land is dangerous to tread upon, to handle tabooed property may mean death; nobody knows what awful cosmic catastrophe might occur if a tabooed woman saw the sun; many words and names are taboo, and no luck will come of using them--for instance, you must not name 'salmon,' 'pigs,' or the minister when out fishing in some parts of Scotland.