Magic Shadows: The Story of the Origin of Motion PicturesQuigley, Martin
History
Magic Shadows: The Story of the Origin of Motion Pictures
Quigley, Martin
Lantern projection; Motion pictures -- History
Muybridge had settled down in 1885 with a position at the University of
Pennsylvania, where he took many pictures with the same battery system,
borrowing, however, some ideas about the studio arrangements from
Marey. Muybridge never improved his technique or realized that such
a cumbersome method could not produce satisfactory results. This did
not seem to disturb him for there is no evidence that he sought large
screen projection of the magic shadows before audiences.
In February 1886, Muybridge visited Edison at his New Jersey laboratory
and showed him plates of successive motion pictures, or, more
accurately, a succession of stills of various phases of the same action.
When Muybridge lectured at the London Institution in the Fall of 1889 a
complete report was published in the _British Journal of Photography_
for December 20, 1889, in an article by W. P. Adams. From this we
learn that Muybridge was then using a simple projector fitted with
a gear system which revolved before the lens a glass disk of some
fifteen inches in diameter on which the photos were mounted; in front
of this was a zinc shutter disk with radial slits totalling one more
than the number of pictures, in order to give a forward motion to
the figures. That was the old Plateau magic disk idea. With the same
number of openings in the shutter as pictures, the figures would appear
to move their arms and legs and yet stay in the same place; if less
shutter openings, there would be an appearance of backward motion.
“The disks are rotated at the same speed in opposite directions, and
the figures rapidly following each other appear on the screen as a
continuous movement of the animal,” the English reviewer remarked.
Muybridge showed slow and normal action motion. The subjects included
a mule kicking, a woman emptying a pail of water, a girl walking down
steps carrying a breakfast cup and saucer, and what was said to be the
best of all, a little girl finding and picking up a doll. In passing,
we may note that in addition to singling out Meissonier for praise,
Muybridge asserted that the Japanese were far ahead of everyone else in
representing motion in art!
Muybridge eventually retired to his native Kingston, England, after
winning fame through his work in America. But he obtained more than
fame, for he was able to leave a considerable sum of money, in addition
to his instruments, to the local museum. Efforts to locate the
Muybridge instruments at the Kingston-on-Thames Museum in 1943 were
unsuccessful.
In 1889, Thomas A. Edison, already working on the problem of motion
pictures for a year or two, visited the Exposition at Paris and
there met Marey who showed him the results obtained with his methods
of motion photography, and the reproduction of the scene with a
Plateau-disk combined with a projector and the disk illuminated by an
electric Geissler tube.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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