Magic Shadows: The Story of the Origin of Motion PicturesQuigley, Martin
History
Magic Shadows: The Story of the Origin of Motion Pictures
Quigley, Martin
Lantern projection; Motion pictures -- History
In 1850 Wheatstone was in Paris and showed his improved Stereoscope to
Abbé Moigno, to Soleil and his son-in-law, Duboscq, who were commercial
instrument makers, and to members of the French Institute. Its value
was immediately recognized not only for amusement but for the arts and
sciences, especially portraiture and sculpture, Moigno reported in _La
Presse_ of December 28, 1850. Duboscq immediately started to make one
and used Daguerreotypes in it. Moigno praised Duboscq’s “intelligence,
activity, affability, indefatigable ardour.” In 1851 Moigno brought
Duboscq to the attention of the Queen by presenting her with a
Wheatstone-type Stereoscope which he had made. That was the year Louis
Napoleon seized power and was named president for a ten year term. In
November, 1852 he proclaimed himself Emperor.
Wheatstone also developed a combination of photos and the Plateau disk
which was fitted with a cog which made each photo rest momentarily as
it was held before the mirror. The same instrument was made in France
under the name of Heliocinegraphe.
Antoine François Jean Claudet (1797–1867), was a Frenchman who married
an English girl and moved to London in 1827. In 1852 he combined the
Plateau-Stampfer disk with the Langenheim method of photographs on
glass plates. It is claimed that, while Claudet started work ahead of
him, Duboscq had satisfactory results first. Claudet’s experiments were
successful in May of 1852, about one year after the Langenheim exhibit
at the Exposition. In 1853 Claudet became a member of the Royal Society.
Claudet, at a meeting of the British Association for the Advancement
of Science held at Birmingham in September, 1865, spoke “On Moving
Photographic figures, illustrating some phenomena of vision connected
with the combination of the stereoscope and the phenakisticope by means
of photography.” Claudet noted that from the beginning of photography
those acquainted with Plateau’s disk thought that pictures would be
more suitable than hand drawings to show the illusions of motion.
But they also sought the third dimensional effect. Duboscq’s efforts
were not completely successful, according to Claudet who described
a machine he had worked out. The illusion of motion was effected by
having one eye see one picture and the other eye the next picture. This
resulted in a simultaneous motion and solid effect. The spectator was
not conscious of the vision being transferred from one eye to another.
Claudet’s example was a boxer about to strike and then delivering the
blow.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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