Thus, by a charter dated 10th April, 1201, he took 4000 marks in return for confirming their privileges; and he obtained a second payment of a similar amount after his rupture with Rome. The charter of 1201 was only a confirmation of rights already enjoyed by all English Jews in virtue of the liberal interpretation put upon the terms of an earlier charter which had been granted by Henry I. to a particular father in Israel with his household, but subsequently extended, with the tacit concurrence of the Crown, to the whole Hebrew race. Under John’s charter they enjoyed valuable and definite privileges, which, while leaving them completely in the royal power, exempted them from all jurisdictions except those of the king and his castellans; while, if a Christian brought a complaint against a Jew, it was to be judged by the peers of that Jew.[455] ----- Footnote 452: See John’s Charter to the Jews of 10th April, 1201, in _Rotuli Chartarum_, p. 93. Footnote 453: See Pollock and Maitland, I. 453, n. Footnote 454: Rigg, _ibid._, xx. Footnote 455: “_Judicata sit per pares Judei._” See _Rot. Chart._, I. 93. When a repetition of the massacre which had disgraced his brother’s coronation threatened to take place in 1203, John promptly ordered the mayor and barons of London to suppress all such attempts. In terms contemptuous alike to the Londoners and to the Jews his writ declared that his promise of protection, “even though granted to a dog,” must be held inviolate.[456] Protection was accorded to them, however, only that they might furnish a richer booty to the Crown, when the proper occasion arrived. Suddenly John issued orders for a wholesale arrest of the Jews throughout England. The most wealthy members of their community were brought together at Bristol, and, on 1st November, 1210, were compelled to give a reluctant consent to a general tallage at the enormous sum of 66,000 marks. Apparently this amount had been fixed as the result of an exaggerated estimate of the contents of the _archae_, and was more than they could afford to pay. The methods adopted by John’s castellans to extort the arrears of the amount are well-known, especially in the case of the unfortunate Jew of Bristol, from whom seven teeth were extracted, one each day, until he consented to pay the sum demanded.[457] ----- Footnote 456: _Rot. Pat._, I. p. 33, and _New Rymer_, I. 89. The date is 29th July, 1203. Footnote 457: See Rigg, _Sel. Pleas of the Jewish Exchequer_, xxiv. -----