Due course of law, in New York bill of rights of 1787, 23. Due process of law, universal application in the United States, 18; equivalent of "law of the land" (q.v.), 18; substance of expression in Magna Carta, 18; history of expression in America, 18-19, 23-24; meaning, 19, 22-24; earliest use, 22-23; term meaningless to man in the street, 48; principle applied in the Tenement House case, 54; in the Ives case and Employers' Liability cases, 65, 68. Education, Catholic parochial schools, 247-260; primary and elementary, 253; the Catholic university, 255; public grants to private schools, 256, 257. Edward I., 100. Edward III., 7, 8, 11, 22, 23. Edward the Confessor, 7. Egyptians, 27, 168. Election Law (New York), 209, 219. Elections, primary elections a menace, 39, 142, 227-228, 231-236, 238, 245-246; presidential, 178 sqq.; nomination of candidates, 207, 219-246; vote on constitutional amendments, 208-209; effect of the short ballot, 222-224; secret ballot objectionable, 228; some New York statistics, 231-233; origin of primaries, 239-240; to judicial office, 243-245. _See_ Conventions. Electorate, responsible for political evils, 205-206, 245; voting a duty, 206, 238, 245; indifference and negligence of, 207, 208, 209, 230-232, 237, 240; remedy for corruption, 237-238. Eleventh amendment, main treatment, 87-129; text, 91; possibly qualified, 97, 110. Employers' Liability cases, 61-64, 67-68, 121. English church, its part in Magna Carta, 3, 4, 11, 12; freed from the crown by Magna Carta, 11, 12. England, political thought in the 13th and 14th centuries, 6-9, 18-19; taxation, 9, 16-18; courts, 10, 17, 76, 77, 103-107; class legislation, 11; acts of Supremacy and Uniformity, 32, 36-37; debt to Puritanism, 34-35; in the World War, 35, 261, 267-270; labor legislation, 79; protective tariff, 196; cost of living, 199, 200; board of trade, 200; union of legislative and executive powers, 227-228; state aid to parochial schools, 256. _See_ English church and Parliament. Entick _vs._ Carrington, 104. Equality before the law, 31, 35, 152, 161. Europe, political ideas in the 13th century, 6; in 1620, 35; the great war, 35, 41, 267 sqq.; source of legislative schemes, 76; industrial competition with the United States, 196-197; high cost of living, 200.