“Some American Historians,” Professor H. Morse Stephens, _World’s Work_, July, 1902. “Lee at Appomattox and Other Papers,” Charles Francis Adams, 1903, p. 356 ff. “The Writings of Mahan,” _New York Nation_, December 10, 1914. “A Great Public Servant,” Theodore Roosevelt, _Outlook_, January 13, 1915. See also _Outlook_, December 9, 1914. “Alfred Thayer Mahan—In Memoriam,” _United States Naval Institute_, January–February, 1915. “The Influence of America’s Greatest Naval Strategist on the War in Europe,” _Current Opinion_, February, 1915. (Taken from Paris _Figaro_.) “Naval History: Mahan and his Successors,” _Military Historian and Economist_, January, 1918. INDEX Aden, #$1#, 152 Admiralty, British, organization of, 118–122, 194, 195 Adriatic Sea, 26, 306 Africa, 46. _See_ SOUTH AFRICA Alabama, Confederate cruiser, 96 Alaska, 40 Alava, Spanish admiral, 215 Alexander the Great, campaigns of, 4, 14 Alexander I, of Russia, 224–226 Algeciras Conference, 306 Alliances, military weakness of, 60, 61, 315. _See_ ENTENTE; TRIPLE ALLIANCE Alsace-Lorraine, 326, 349 American Independence, War of, 23, 85, 343; unwise policy of England in, 143–144; influence of sea power in, 164–170. Amsterdam, 34, 39. Antilles, Lesser, strategic value of, 102, 105, 107, 108 Antwerp, 30, 306 Arbitration, #$1#, inadequacy of, 293–295, 344–347 Armenia, 345, 347 Armored cruiser, a faulty type, 260 Asia. _See_ CHINA; JAPAN; FAR EAST Atlantic Coast, of United States, 35, 65–67, 111–112, 274, 285 Australia, 148, 149, 350 Austria, in Thirty Years’ War, 50 ff.; in Napoleonic Wars, 76, 191, 228; in Seven Years’ War, 147; an ally of Germany, 304–306, 317, 322, 323, 327 Balkan States, 306 Baltic Sea, 31, 82, 186, 188, 191, 273, 274, 313 Barbados, 60, 196 Bases, naval, for permanent operations, 28; in the Caribbean, 29; exposed to land attack, 71; useless without a navy, 287. _See_ PORTS; STRATEGIC POSITIONS Battleships, design of, 61–62. _See_ SPEED Beachy Head, battle of, 81, 155, 157 Belgium, ports of, closed, 30; a possession of Spain, 38, 50, 57, 60, 67 Berlin Decree, 95, 331 Bermuda, 105 Biscay, Bay of, 192 Bismarck, Prince, #$1#, 326 Blockade, in the Civil War, 41–42, 94; military, 86; commercial, 94–99, 330–331; defense against, 129–132; of Santiago, 251–255; of France, in Napoleonic Wars, 300–311 Bombardment, defense against, 129–132 Bombay, #$1#, 153 Boulogne, 191, 192, 194, 197 Bourrienne, Napoleon’s secretary, 13, 14 Boyne, battle of, 37 Brest, 23, 24, 31, 154, 174, 192–194, 196, 222 Brock, General, 233, 234 _Brunswick_, British ship, 180–182 _Bucentaure_, French ship, 215–219 Bulgaria, 345 Byng, British Admiral, 85, 86, 158 Cadiz, 26, 58; Villeneuve at, 197–202, 208–211, 219–222 Cæsar, campaigns of, 4, 14 Calder, British Admiral, 196 Cámara, Spanish Admiral, 252