In Denmark the connection between German and native Romanticism is of a very complex nature. As a rule, the Danish poets receive their first impulse from Germany, but afterwards strike out paths for themselves. Oehlenschläger was awakened by Steffens and strongly influenced in the early years of the century by Tieck. It was under the influence of German Romanticism that Grundtvig renounced his youthful rationalism; and his patriotism and nationalism have strong points of correspondence with Arndt's and Jahn's. The influence of Fouqué and Hoffmann is apparent in Ingemann; Hauch is an enthusiastic admirer of Novalis; J. L. Heiberg, as the dramatiser of fairy tales, is a pupil of Tieck; Hans Christian Andersen, as the fantastic story-teller, the pupil of Hoffmann. Shack Staffeldt, German born, is a full-blown Romanticist, a devout worshipper of "the blue flower." But though foreign influence, as this work sufficiently shows, is everywhere traceable, the independent, national and Scandinavian characteristics of Danish Romanticism are, nevertheless, unmistakable and strong. [1] Sepp _Görres und seine Zeitgenossen_, Nordlingen, 1897. [2] Cf. _Briefwechsel zwischen Friedrich Gentz und Adam Heinrich Müller_. Stuttgart, 1857.--K. Mendelssohn-Bartholdy: _Friedrich von Gentz_. Leipzig, 1867.--_Aus dem Nachlasse Friedrich von Gentz_. Wien, 1867. MAIN CURRENTS IN NINETEENTH CENTURY LITERATURE By GEORGE BRANDES In Six Vols. illustrated. I. THE EMIGRANT LITERATURE. II. THE ROMANTIC SCHOOL IN GERMANY. III. THE REACTION IN FRANCE. IV. NATURALISM IN ENGLAND. V. THE ROMANTIC SCHOOL IN FRANCE. VI. YOUNG GERMANY.